Antimicrobial Activity and Mode of Action of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Silver(I) Complexes
Silver drugs have played a vital role in human healthcare for the treatment of infections for many centuries. Currently, due to antibiotic resistance, a potential scenario or the application of silver complexes may arise as substitutes for conventional antibiotics. In this perspective, N-heterocycli...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Giusy Castagliuolo Michela Di Napoli Tshering Zangmo Joanna Szpunar Luisa Ronga Anna Zanfardino Mario Varcamonti Diego Tesauro |
| author_facet | Giusy Castagliuolo Michela Di Napoli Tshering Zangmo Joanna Szpunar Luisa Ronga Anna Zanfardino Mario Varcamonti Diego Tesauro |
| author_sort | Giusy Castagliuolo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Silver drugs have played a vital role in human healthcare for the treatment of infections for many centuries. Currently, due to antibiotic resistance, a potential scenario or the application of silver complexes may arise as substitutes for conventional antibiotics. In this perspective, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been selected as carrier molecules for silver ions. In this study, we selected two mono NHC-silver halide complexes: bromo[1,3-diethyl-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]silver(I) (Ag4MC) and chloro[2-pyridin- N-(2-ethylacetylamido)-2-yl-2<i>H</i>-imidazol-2-ylidene]silver(I) (Ag5MC), and two cationic bis NHC silver complexes: bis[1,3-diethyl-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]silver(I) (Ag4BC) and bis[2-pyridin-N-(2-ethylacetylamido)-2-yl-2<i>H</i>-imidazol-2-ylidene]silver(I) (Ag5BC). The inhibitory properties of the four complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against a set of Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacterial strains and the fungus <i>C. albicans</i>. In addition, further investigations were made using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to gain more insights into the mechanism of action. Some preliminary information on the Ag target was obtained by analyzing the cytosol of <i>E. coli</i> treated with Ag5MC by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7d39f32f60df4e0ab5d8401ff6a42d60 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-7d39f32f60df4e0ab5d8401ff6a42d602025-01-10T13:18:48ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-12-013017610.3390/molecules30010076Antimicrobial Activity and Mode of Action of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Silver(I) ComplexesGiusy Castagliuolo0Michela Di Napoli1Tshering Zangmo2Joanna Szpunar3Luisa Ronga4Anna Zanfardino5Mario Varcamonti6Diego Tesauro7Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cynthia 26, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cynthia 26, 80126 Naples, ItalyIPREM (Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux), CNRS, E2S UPPA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, CEDEX 9, 64012 Pau, FranceIPREM (Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux), CNRS, E2S UPPA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, CEDEX 9, 64012 Pau, FranceIPREM (Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux), CNRS, E2S UPPA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, CEDEX 9, 64012 Pau, FranceDepartment of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cynthia 26, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cynthia 26, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, ItalySilver drugs have played a vital role in human healthcare for the treatment of infections for many centuries. Currently, due to antibiotic resistance, a potential scenario or the application of silver complexes may arise as substitutes for conventional antibiotics. In this perspective, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been selected as carrier molecules for silver ions. In this study, we selected two mono NHC-silver halide complexes: bromo[1,3-diethyl-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]silver(I) (Ag4MC) and chloro[2-pyridin- N-(2-ethylacetylamido)-2-yl-2<i>H</i>-imidazol-2-ylidene]silver(I) (Ag5MC), and two cationic bis NHC silver complexes: bis[1,3-diethyl-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]silver(I) (Ag4BC) and bis[2-pyridin-N-(2-ethylacetylamido)-2-yl-2<i>H</i>-imidazol-2-ylidene]silver(I) (Ag5BC). The inhibitory properties of the four complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against a set of Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacterial strains and the fungus <i>C. albicans</i>. In addition, further investigations were made using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to gain more insights into the mechanism of action. Some preliminary information on the Ag target was obtained by analyzing the cytosol of <i>E. coli</i> treated with Ag5MC by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/1/76NHC silver complexesGram (+) and Gram (−) bacteriaantimicrobial propertiesSEC-ICP-MS |
| spellingShingle | Giusy Castagliuolo Michela Di Napoli Tshering Zangmo Joanna Szpunar Luisa Ronga Anna Zanfardino Mario Varcamonti Diego Tesauro Antimicrobial Activity and Mode of Action of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Silver(I) Complexes Molecules NHC silver complexes Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria antimicrobial properties SEC-ICP-MS |
| title | Antimicrobial Activity and Mode of Action of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Silver(I) Complexes |
| title_full | Antimicrobial Activity and Mode of Action of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Silver(I) Complexes |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial Activity and Mode of Action of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Silver(I) Complexes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial Activity and Mode of Action of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Silver(I) Complexes |
| title_short | Antimicrobial Activity and Mode of Action of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Silver(I) Complexes |
| title_sort | antimicrobial activity and mode of action of n heterocyclic carbene silver i complexes |
| topic | NHC silver complexes Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria antimicrobial properties SEC-ICP-MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/1/76 |
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