Characteristics and controlling factors of seismic site response at a crystalline bedrock site based on quality factor inversion using deep borehole data

Abstract This study evaluated epistemic uncertainty in shear-wave velocity (Vs) profiles and variability in shear-wave quality factor (Qs) profiles across broadband frequencies to investigate characteristics and controlling factors of seismic site response at a crystalline bedrock site. This study u...

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Main Authors: Naoki Nishizaka, Hiroaki Sato, Takeshi Tsuji, Yoshihiko Ishikawa, Chiaki Nagai, Yasutomo Yamauchi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96725-w
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author Naoki Nishizaka
Hiroaki Sato
Takeshi Tsuji
Yoshihiko Ishikawa
Chiaki Nagai
Yasutomo Yamauchi
author_facet Naoki Nishizaka
Hiroaki Sato
Takeshi Tsuji
Yoshihiko Ishikawa
Chiaki Nagai
Yasutomo Yamauchi
author_sort Naoki Nishizaka
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study evaluated epistemic uncertainty in shear-wave velocity (Vs) profiles and variability in shear-wave quality factor (Qs) profiles across broadband frequencies to investigate characteristics and controlling factors of seismic site response at a crystalline bedrock site. This study utilized deep borehole data down to the seismological bedrock at a depth of 2000 m. Multiple invasive measurements were conducted to estimate the Vs profiles. Three-component seismometers were installed at depths of 5, 160, 500, and 2000 m for Qs profiling. A logic tree with 128 analysis patterns was employed to capture the frequency-dependent percentiles of the amplification factor (AF) and the Qs parameter through spectral ratio Qs inversions. AFs from depths of 2000 m to 5 m showed the attenuation effect was dominant in the frequency range above 1 Hz. Sensitivity analysis revealed the dominant effects of the Qs profile below 2 Hz and above 15 Hz and the significant effects of the Vs profile at 2–15 Hz. The median AF curves were robust due to multiple invasive measurements and constraints from reliable seismic records. Local site responses captured from the 2000- m borehole station are expected to contribute to seismic hazard assessments as a reference of crystalline bedrock sites.
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spelling doaj-art-7d2bbf33cb8046d68cbf5eadb703c7ef2025-08-20T02:17:47ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-96725-wCharacteristics and controlling factors of seismic site response at a crystalline bedrock site based on quality factor inversion using deep borehole dataNaoki Nishizaka0Hiroaki Sato1Takeshi Tsuji2Yoshihiko Ishikawa3Chiaki Nagai4Yasutomo Yamauchi5Civil & Architectural Engineering Department, Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc.Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power IndustryDepartment of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, University of TokyoCivil & Architectural Engineering Department, Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc.Green Energy Devision, Obayashi Co.Geo Engineering Department, Dia Nippon Engineering Consultants Co., Ltd.Abstract This study evaluated epistemic uncertainty in shear-wave velocity (Vs) profiles and variability in shear-wave quality factor (Qs) profiles across broadband frequencies to investigate characteristics and controlling factors of seismic site response at a crystalline bedrock site. This study utilized deep borehole data down to the seismological bedrock at a depth of 2000 m. Multiple invasive measurements were conducted to estimate the Vs profiles. Three-component seismometers were installed at depths of 5, 160, 500, and 2000 m for Qs profiling. A logic tree with 128 analysis patterns was employed to capture the frequency-dependent percentiles of the amplification factor (AF) and the Qs parameter through spectral ratio Qs inversions. AFs from depths of 2000 m to 5 m showed the attenuation effect was dominant in the frequency range above 1 Hz. Sensitivity analysis revealed the dominant effects of the Qs profile below 2 Hz and above 15 Hz and the significant effects of the Vs profile at 2–15 Hz. The median AF curves were robust due to multiple invasive measurements and constraints from reliable seismic records. Local site responses captured from the 2000- m borehole station are expected to contribute to seismic hazard assessments as a reference of crystalline bedrock sites.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96725-wSeismic site responseAmplification factorCrystalline bedrock siteEpistemic uncertaintyDeep boreholeQuality factor inversion
spellingShingle Naoki Nishizaka
Hiroaki Sato
Takeshi Tsuji
Yoshihiko Ishikawa
Chiaki Nagai
Yasutomo Yamauchi
Characteristics and controlling factors of seismic site response at a crystalline bedrock site based on quality factor inversion using deep borehole data
Scientific Reports
Seismic site response
Amplification factor
Crystalline bedrock site
Epistemic uncertainty
Deep borehole
Quality factor inversion
title Characteristics and controlling factors of seismic site response at a crystalline bedrock site based on quality factor inversion using deep borehole data
title_full Characteristics and controlling factors of seismic site response at a crystalline bedrock site based on quality factor inversion using deep borehole data
title_fullStr Characteristics and controlling factors of seismic site response at a crystalline bedrock site based on quality factor inversion using deep borehole data
title_full_unstemmed Characteristics and controlling factors of seismic site response at a crystalline bedrock site based on quality factor inversion using deep borehole data
title_short Characteristics and controlling factors of seismic site response at a crystalline bedrock site based on quality factor inversion using deep borehole data
title_sort characteristics and controlling factors of seismic site response at a crystalline bedrock site based on quality factor inversion using deep borehole data
topic Seismic site response
Amplification factor
Crystalline bedrock site
Epistemic uncertainty
Deep borehole
Quality factor inversion
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96725-w
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