Cultivation of <i>Chlorella</i> sp. in a Closed System Using Mining Wastewater and Simulated Flue Gas: Biomass Production and CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation Potential
<i>Chlorella</i> sp. was cultivated in a closed system using PET bottles (5 L) and with the continuous injection of air and commercial gas (98% CO<sub>2</sub>) and in simulated conditions (15% CO<sub>2</sub>, 73% N<sub>2</sub>, and 12% O<sub>2<...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Thiago J. T. Cruz Guilherme Q. Calixto Fabiana R. de A. Câmara Dárlio I. A. Teixeira Renata M. Braga Sibele B. C. Pergher |
| author_facet | Thiago J. T. Cruz Guilherme Q. Calixto Fabiana R. de A. Câmara Dárlio I. A. Teixeira Renata M. Braga Sibele B. C. Pergher |
| author_sort | Thiago J. T. Cruz |
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| description | <i>Chlorella</i> sp. was cultivated in a closed system using PET bottles (5 L) and with the continuous injection of air and commercial gas (98% CO<sub>2</sub>) and in simulated conditions (15% CO<sub>2</sub>, 73% N<sub>2</sub>, and 12% O<sub>2</sub>). The culture medium was prepared using well water and mining wastewater, the cultivation period occurred in a 10-day cycle, and the cell growth curves were evaluated through cell counting using a Neubauer chamber. The cultivation was carried out under the following conditions: temperature at 22 °C to 25 °C; aeration rate with commercial and simulated CO<sub>2</sub> gas at 0.01 vvm; and synthetic air containing 0.042% CO<sub>2</sub>. The dry biomass productivity was 0.81 g·L<sup>−1</sup>·day<sup>−1</sup> and the maximum CO<sub>2</sub> fixation rate was 0.90 g·L<sup>−1</sup>·day<sup>−1</sup> when the microalgae were cultivated with a continuous flow of simulated waste gas and a culture medium composed of wastewater. The percentages of macromolecules obtained in the biomass cultivated in wastewater reached 20.95%, 26.48%, and 9.3% for lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, respectively. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| series | Sustainable Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-7cfa7bfd9cf74cc2b325327c9b0efec32025-08-20T03:26:56ZengMDPI AGSustainable Chemistry2673-40792025-03-01621110.3390/suschem6020011Cultivation of <i>Chlorella</i> sp. in a Closed System Using Mining Wastewater and Simulated Flue Gas: Biomass Production and CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation PotentialThiago J. T. Cruz0Guilherme Q. Calixto1Fabiana R. de A. Câmara2Dárlio I. A. Teixeira3Renata M. Braga4Sibele B. C. Pergher5Molecular Sieves Laboratory, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal 59078-970, RN, BrazilChemical Engineering Departament, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal 59078-970, RN, BrazilJundiai Agricultural School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rodovia RN 160, Km 03 s/n Distrito de, Macaíba 59280-000, RN, BrazilJundiai Agricultural School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rodovia RN 160, Km 03 s/n Distrito de, Macaíba 59280-000, RN, BrazilJundiai Agricultural School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rodovia RN 160, Km 03 s/n Distrito de, Macaíba 59280-000, RN, BrazilMolecular Sieves Laboratory, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil<i>Chlorella</i> sp. was cultivated in a closed system using PET bottles (5 L) and with the continuous injection of air and commercial gas (98% CO<sub>2</sub>) and in simulated conditions (15% CO<sub>2</sub>, 73% N<sub>2</sub>, and 12% O<sub>2</sub>). The culture medium was prepared using well water and mining wastewater, the cultivation period occurred in a 10-day cycle, and the cell growth curves were evaluated through cell counting using a Neubauer chamber. The cultivation was carried out under the following conditions: temperature at 22 °C to 25 °C; aeration rate with commercial and simulated CO<sub>2</sub> gas at 0.01 vvm; and synthetic air containing 0.042% CO<sub>2</sub>. The dry biomass productivity was 0.81 g·L<sup>−1</sup>·day<sup>−1</sup> and the maximum CO<sub>2</sub> fixation rate was 0.90 g·L<sup>−1</sup>·day<sup>−1</sup> when the microalgae were cultivated with a continuous flow of simulated waste gas and a culture medium composed of wastewater. The percentages of macromolecules obtained in the biomass cultivated in wastewater reached 20.95%, 26.48%, and 9.3% for lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4079/6/2/11CO<sub>2</sub> biofixation<i>Chlorella</i> sp.wastewater cultivationgrowth curves |
| spellingShingle | Thiago J. T. Cruz Guilherme Q. Calixto Fabiana R. de A. Câmara Dárlio I. A. Teixeira Renata M. Braga Sibele B. C. Pergher Cultivation of <i>Chlorella</i> sp. in a Closed System Using Mining Wastewater and Simulated Flue Gas: Biomass Production and CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation Potential Sustainable Chemistry CO<sub>2</sub> biofixation <i>Chlorella</i> sp. wastewater cultivation growth curves |
| title | Cultivation of <i>Chlorella</i> sp. in a Closed System Using Mining Wastewater and Simulated Flue Gas: Biomass Production and CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation Potential |
| title_full | Cultivation of <i>Chlorella</i> sp. in a Closed System Using Mining Wastewater and Simulated Flue Gas: Biomass Production and CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation Potential |
| title_fullStr | Cultivation of <i>Chlorella</i> sp. in a Closed System Using Mining Wastewater and Simulated Flue Gas: Biomass Production and CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation Potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cultivation of <i>Chlorella</i> sp. in a Closed System Using Mining Wastewater and Simulated Flue Gas: Biomass Production and CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation Potential |
| title_short | Cultivation of <i>Chlorella</i> sp. in a Closed System Using Mining Wastewater and Simulated Flue Gas: Biomass Production and CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation Potential |
| title_sort | cultivation of i chlorella i sp in a closed system using mining wastewater and simulated flue gas biomass production and co sub 2 sub fixation potential |
| topic | CO<sub>2</sub> biofixation <i>Chlorella</i> sp. wastewater cultivation growth curves |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4079/6/2/11 |
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