GIS-Based Approach for Estimating Olive Tree Heights Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Shadow Analysis

Measuring tree heights is a critical step for assessing ecological and agricultural parameters, including biomass, carbon stock, and canopy volume. In extensive areas exceeding a few hectares, traditional terrestrial measurement methods are often prohibitively expensive in terms of time and cost. Th...

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Main Authors: Raffaella Brigante, Valerio Baiocchi, Roberto Calisti, Laura Marconi, Primo Proietti, Fabio Radicioni, Luca Regni, Alessandra Vinci
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3066
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author Raffaella Brigante
Valerio Baiocchi
Roberto Calisti
Laura Marconi
Primo Proietti
Fabio Radicioni
Luca Regni
Alessandra Vinci
author_facet Raffaella Brigante
Valerio Baiocchi
Roberto Calisti
Laura Marconi
Primo Proietti
Fabio Radicioni
Luca Regni
Alessandra Vinci
author_sort Raffaella Brigante
collection DOAJ
description Measuring tree heights is a critical step for assessing ecological and agricultural parameters, including biomass, carbon stock, and canopy volume. In extensive areas exceeding a few hectares, traditional terrestrial measurement methods are often prohibitively expensive in terms of time and cost. This study introduces a GIS-based methodology for estimating olive tree (<i>Olea europaea</i> L.) heights using very-high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery. The approach integrates a mathematical model that incorporates slope and aspect information derived in a GIS environment from a large-scale Digital Elevation Model. By leveraging sun position data embedded in satellite image metadata, a dedicated geometric model was developed to calculate tree heights. Comparative analyses with a drone-based 3D model demonstrated the statistical reliability of the proposed methodology. While this study focuses on olive trees due to their unique canopy structure, the method could also be applied to other tree species or even to buildings and other vertically developed structures on the ground. Future developments aim to enhance efficiency and usability through the creation of a specialized GIS tool, making it a valuable resource for environmental monitoring, sustainable agricultural management, and broader spatial analysis applications.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3417
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-7ced32c2b5bf4001a866e544c4cb8b6e2025-08-20T03:40:44ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01156306610.3390/app15063066GIS-Based Approach for Estimating Olive Tree Heights Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Shadow AnalysisRaffaella Brigante0Valerio Baiocchi1Roberto Calisti2Laura Marconi3Primo Proietti4Fabio Radicioni5Luca Regni6Alessandra Vinci7Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, ‘La Sapienza’ University, 00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Engineering, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, ItalyMeasuring tree heights is a critical step for assessing ecological and agricultural parameters, including biomass, carbon stock, and canopy volume. In extensive areas exceeding a few hectares, traditional terrestrial measurement methods are often prohibitively expensive in terms of time and cost. This study introduces a GIS-based methodology for estimating olive tree (<i>Olea europaea</i> L.) heights using very-high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery. The approach integrates a mathematical model that incorporates slope and aspect information derived in a GIS environment from a large-scale Digital Elevation Model. By leveraging sun position data embedded in satellite image metadata, a dedicated geometric model was developed to calculate tree heights. Comparative analyses with a drone-based 3D model demonstrated the statistical reliability of the proposed methodology. While this study focuses on olive trees due to their unique canopy structure, the method could also be applied to other tree species or even to buildings and other vertically developed structures on the ground. Future developments aim to enhance efficiency and usability through the creation of a specialized GIS tool, making it a valuable resource for environmental monitoring, sustainable agricultural management, and broader spatial analysis applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3066WorldView-3monoscopicorthophotoUAVpoint cloud<i>Olea europaea</i> L.
spellingShingle Raffaella Brigante
Valerio Baiocchi
Roberto Calisti
Laura Marconi
Primo Proietti
Fabio Radicioni
Luca Regni
Alessandra Vinci
GIS-Based Approach for Estimating Olive Tree Heights Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Shadow Analysis
Applied Sciences
WorldView-3
monoscopic
orthophoto
UAV
point cloud
<i>Olea europaea</i> L.
title GIS-Based Approach for Estimating Olive Tree Heights Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Shadow Analysis
title_full GIS-Based Approach for Estimating Olive Tree Heights Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Shadow Analysis
title_fullStr GIS-Based Approach for Estimating Olive Tree Heights Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Shadow Analysis
title_full_unstemmed GIS-Based Approach for Estimating Olive Tree Heights Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Shadow Analysis
title_short GIS-Based Approach for Estimating Olive Tree Heights Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Shadow Analysis
title_sort gis based approach for estimating olive tree heights using high resolution satellite imagery and shadow analysis
topic WorldView-3
monoscopic
orthophoto
UAV
point cloud
<i>Olea europaea</i> L.
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3066
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