Microplastic removal in aquatic systems using extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microalgae

Microplastic contamination in clean water sources and household wastewater is a significant environmental issue that requires sustainable remediation solutions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by different microalgae strains in remov...

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Main Authors: H. Hadiyanto, Adian Khoironi, Inggar Dianratri, Falvocha Alifsmara Joelyna, Marcelinus Christwardana, Adhelia Intan Sabhira, Rifqi Ahmad Baihaqi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Sustainable Environment
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/27658511.2025.2454756
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author H. Hadiyanto
Adian Khoironi
Inggar Dianratri
Falvocha Alifsmara Joelyna
Marcelinus Christwardana
Adhelia Intan Sabhira
Rifqi Ahmad Baihaqi
author_facet H. Hadiyanto
Adian Khoironi
Inggar Dianratri
Falvocha Alifsmara Joelyna
Marcelinus Christwardana
Adhelia Intan Sabhira
Rifqi Ahmad Baihaqi
author_sort H. Hadiyanto
collection DOAJ
description Microplastic contamination in clean water sources and household wastewater is a significant environmental issue that requires sustainable remediation solutions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by different microalgae strains in removing microplastics from aquatic environments. Four microalgae strains, namely Spirulina sp. Tetraselmis chuii, Chlorella vulgaris, and Dunaliella salina, were cultivated under stress conditions, including the application of polypropylene microplastics, increased light intensity, and enhanced nutrient levels, to stimulate EPS production. The EPS produced was then interacted with microplastics to form hetero-aggregates. Spirulina sp. produced the highest amount of EPS (4.59 g), followed by Tetraselmis chuii (3.27 g), Chlorella vulgaris (3.03 g), and Dunaliella salina (2.86 g). The carbohydrate content in dry EPS was also highest in Spirulina sp. (0.21%), with Tetraselmis chuii (0.19%), Chlorella vulgaris (0.16%), and Dunaliella salina (0.11%) following. The microplastic flocculation efficiency mirrored these results, with Spirulina sp. flocculating 1.397 g of microplastics, outperforming the other strains. These findings suggest that Spirulina sp. and Tetraselmis chuii are particularly effective in producing EPS that can be utilized to remove microplastics from aquatic environments, offering a promising eco-friendly solution.
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spelling doaj-art-7cead8231e464b7eac369dc34697863e2025-01-24T14:19:19ZengTaylor & Francis GroupSustainable Environment2765-85112025-12-0111110.1080/27658511.2025.2454756Microplastic removal in aquatic systems using extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microalgaeH. Hadiyanto0Adian Khoironi1Inggar Dianratri2Falvocha Alifsmara Joelyna3Marcelinus Christwardana4Adhelia Intan Sabhira5Rifqi Ahmad Baihaqi6Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, IndonesiaCentre of Biomass and Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University, Semarang, IndonesiaCentre of Biomass and Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University, Semarang, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, IndonesiaCentre of Biomass and Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University, Semarang, IndonesiaCentre of Biomass and Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University, Semarang, IndonesiaCentre of Biomass and Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University, Semarang, IndonesiaMicroplastic contamination in clean water sources and household wastewater is a significant environmental issue that requires sustainable remediation solutions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by different microalgae strains in removing microplastics from aquatic environments. Four microalgae strains, namely Spirulina sp. Tetraselmis chuii, Chlorella vulgaris, and Dunaliella salina, were cultivated under stress conditions, including the application of polypropylene microplastics, increased light intensity, and enhanced nutrient levels, to stimulate EPS production. The EPS produced was then interacted with microplastics to form hetero-aggregates. Spirulina sp. produced the highest amount of EPS (4.59 g), followed by Tetraselmis chuii (3.27 g), Chlorella vulgaris (3.03 g), and Dunaliella salina (2.86 g). The carbohydrate content in dry EPS was also highest in Spirulina sp. (0.21%), with Tetraselmis chuii (0.19%), Chlorella vulgaris (0.16%), and Dunaliella salina (0.11%) following. The microplastic flocculation efficiency mirrored these results, with Spirulina sp. flocculating 1.397 g of microplastics, outperforming the other strains. These findings suggest that Spirulina sp. and Tetraselmis chuii are particularly effective in producing EPS that can be utilized to remove microplastics from aquatic environments, offering a promising eco-friendly solution.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/27658511.2025.2454756Extracellular Polymeric SubstancesMicroalgaeHetero-aggregatesmicroplastic
spellingShingle H. Hadiyanto
Adian Khoironi
Inggar Dianratri
Falvocha Alifsmara Joelyna
Marcelinus Christwardana
Adhelia Intan Sabhira
Rifqi Ahmad Baihaqi
Microplastic removal in aquatic systems using extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microalgae
Sustainable Environment
Extracellular Polymeric Substances
Microalgae
Hetero-aggregates
microplastic
title Microplastic removal in aquatic systems using extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microalgae
title_full Microplastic removal in aquatic systems using extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microalgae
title_fullStr Microplastic removal in aquatic systems using extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microalgae
title_full_unstemmed Microplastic removal in aquatic systems using extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microalgae
title_short Microplastic removal in aquatic systems using extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microalgae
title_sort microplastic removal in aquatic systems using extracellular polymeric substances eps of microalgae
topic Extracellular Polymeric Substances
Microalgae
Hetero-aggregates
microplastic
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/27658511.2025.2454756
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