Interventions for cognitive frailty: developing a Delphi consensus with multidisciplinary and multisectoral experts

IntroductionThe conjunction of physical frailty and cognitive impairment without dementia is described as Cognitive Frailty (CF). Indications that CF is potentially reversible have led to proposals that risk factors, symptoms or mechanisms of CF would be appropriate targets for interventions for pre...

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Main Authors: Carol A. Holland, Nikolett Dravecz, Susan Broughton, Lynne A. Barker, Fidelia Bature, Charlotte Clarke, Isaac M. Danat, Sayani Das, Irundika H. K. Dias, Annabel Dawson, M. Dixon, Amanda Ellison, David Façal, Roland Finch, Christopher J. Gaffney, Alan Gow, Eirini Kelaiditi, Andrzej Klimczuk, Esperanza Navarro-Pardo, Pheobe Sharratt, Andrew Sixsmith, Claudia K. Suemoto, Lalu Suprawesta, Tamlyn Watermeyer, Sally Fowler Davis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1541048/full
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author Carol A. Holland
Carol A. Holland
Nikolett Dravecz
Nikolett Dravecz
Susan Broughton
Susan Broughton
Lynne A. Barker
Fidelia Bature
Charlotte Clarke
Isaac M. Danat
Sayani Das
Irundika H. K. Dias
Annabel Dawson
M. Dixon
Amanda Ellison
David Façal
Roland Finch
Christopher J. Gaffney
Christopher J. Gaffney
Alan Gow
Eirini Kelaiditi
Andrzej Klimczuk
Esperanza Navarro-Pardo
Pheobe Sharratt
Pheobe Sharratt
Andrew Sixsmith
Claudia K. Suemoto
Lalu Suprawesta
Tamlyn Watermeyer
Sally Fowler Davis
author_facet Carol A. Holland
Carol A. Holland
Nikolett Dravecz
Nikolett Dravecz
Susan Broughton
Susan Broughton
Lynne A. Barker
Fidelia Bature
Charlotte Clarke
Isaac M. Danat
Sayani Das
Irundika H. K. Dias
Annabel Dawson
M. Dixon
Amanda Ellison
David Façal
Roland Finch
Christopher J. Gaffney
Christopher J. Gaffney
Alan Gow
Eirini Kelaiditi
Andrzej Klimczuk
Esperanza Navarro-Pardo
Pheobe Sharratt
Pheobe Sharratt
Andrew Sixsmith
Claudia K. Suemoto
Lalu Suprawesta
Tamlyn Watermeyer
Sally Fowler Davis
author_sort Carol A. Holland
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThe conjunction of physical frailty and cognitive impairment without dementia is described as Cognitive Frailty (CF). Indications that CF is potentially reversible have led to proposals that risk factors, symptoms or mechanisms of CF would be appropriate targets for interventions for prevention, delay or reversal. However, no study has brought experts together across sectors to determine targets, content or mode of interventions, and most resources on interventions are from the perspective of academic or clinical researchers only. This international Delphi consensus study brings together experts from academic and clinical research, lay people with lived experience of CF, informal carers, and professional care practitioners/clinicians.MethodsThree rounds of Delphi study were held to discern which factors and statements were agreed upon by the whole sample and which generated different views in those with differing expertise. A scoping review and Round 1 (29 participants) were used to gather initial statements. In Round 2, 58 people responded to statements and open text items, comprising 7 lab-based researchers, 27 researchers working with people, 14 people with lived experience or informal family carers, and 10 professional carers/clinicians. Percent agreement and qualitative responses were analyzed to provide a final set of statements which were checked by 38 respondents in Round 3.ResultsAnalysis of Round 2 quantitative data provided 74 statements on which there was at least 70% agreement and qualitative data produced a further 24 statements. These were combined to provide 90 statements for Round 3. There was Consensus for 89 of the statements. A few differences between the groups were observed at both stages.Discussion and conclusionThe consensus for statements associated with CF interventions provides a useful first step in defining health promotion activities and interventions. Given the prevalence and potential disability caused by CF in older populations, the consensus statements represent expert opinion that is inter-sectoral and will inform public health policies to support implementation of evidence-based prevention and intervention plans. This study is an important step toward changing current approaches, by including all stakeholders from the outset. Outcomes can be used to feed into co-creation of interventions for cognitive frailty.
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spelling doaj-art-7cd783dc8a4f4ead832a0a04f65d2ab52025-08-20T02:01:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652025-06-011710.3389/fnagi.2025.15410481541048Interventions for cognitive frailty: developing a Delphi consensus with multidisciplinary and multisectoral expertsCarol A. Holland0Carol A. Holland1Nikolett Dravecz2Nikolett Dravecz3Susan Broughton4Susan Broughton5Lynne A. Barker6Fidelia Bature7Charlotte Clarke8Isaac M. Danat9Sayani Das10Irundika H. K. Dias11Annabel Dawson12M. Dixon13Amanda Ellison14David Façal15Roland Finch16Christopher J. Gaffney17Christopher J. Gaffney18Alan Gow19Eirini Kelaiditi20Andrzej Klimczuk21Esperanza Navarro-Pardo22Pheobe Sharratt23Pheobe Sharratt24Andrew Sixsmith25Claudia K. Suemoto26Lalu Suprawesta27Tamlyn Watermeyer28Sally Fowler Davis29Centre for Ageing Research (C4AR), Lancaster University, Lancaster, United KingdomDivision of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United KingdomCentre for Ageing Research (C4AR), Lancaster University, Lancaster, United KingdomDivision of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United KingdomCentre for Ageing Research (C4AR), Lancaster University, Lancaster, United KingdomDivision of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United KingdomSheffield Institute of Social Science, College of Social Science and Art, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United KingdomInstitute of Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United KingdomWolfson Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Durham University, Durham, United KingdomSheffield Institute of Social Sciences, College of Social Sciences and Arts, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United KingdomDepartment of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, IsraelAston Medical School and Aston Research Centre for Health in Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom0Lay Contributor, Newcastle, United Kingdom1Northern Health Science Alliance (NHSA), Manchester, United Kingdom2Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom3Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, and Institute of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain0Lay Contributor, Newcastle, United KingdomCentre for Ageing Research (C4AR), Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom4Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom5Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom6Faculty of Sport, Technology and Health Sciences, St Mary's University Twickenham, London, United Kingdom7SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland8Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCentre for Ageing Research (C4AR), Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom4Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom9Department of Gerontology, STAR Institute, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada0Division of Geriatrics, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil1Department of Health and Sport Education, Faculty of Sport Science and Public Health, Mandalika Education University, Mataram, Indonesia2Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne,, United Kingdom3School of Allied Health and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United KingdomIntroductionThe conjunction of physical frailty and cognitive impairment without dementia is described as Cognitive Frailty (CF). Indications that CF is potentially reversible have led to proposals that risk factors, symptoms or mechanisms of CF would be appropriate targets for interventions for prevention, delay or reversal. However, no study has brought experts together across sectors to determine targets, content or mode of interventions, and most resources on interventions are from the perspective of academic or clinical researchers only. This international Delphi consensus study brings together experts from academic and clinical research, lay people with lived experience of CF, informal carers, and professional care practitioners/clinicians.MethodsThree rounds of Delphi study were held to discern which factors and statements were agreed upon by the whole sample and which generated different views in those with differing expertise. A scoping review and Round 1 (29 participants) were used to gather initial statements. In Round 2, 58 people responded to statements and open text items, comprising 7 lab-based researchers, 27 researchers working with people, 14 people with lived experience or informal family carers, and 10 professional carers/clinicians. Percent agreement and qualitative responses were analyzed to provide a final set of statements which were checked by 38 respondents in Round 3.ResultsAnalysis of Round 2 quantitative data provided 74 statements on which there was at least 70% agreement and qualitative data produced a further 24 statements. These were combined to provide 90 statements for Round 3. There was Consensus for 89 of the statements. A few differences between the groups were observed at both stages.Discussion and conclusionThe consensus for statements associated with CF interventions provides a useful first step in defining health promotion activities and interventions. Given the prevalence and potential disability caused by CF in older populations, the consensus statements represent expert opinion that is inter-sectoral and will inform public health policies to support implementation of evidence-based prevention and intervention plans. This study is an important step toward changing current approaches, by including all stakeholders from the outset. Outcomes can be used to feed into co-creation of interventions for cognitive frailty.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1541048/fullcognitive frailty (CF)interventionDelphi studyexpert consensusmultidisciplinarymulti-sectoral
spellingShingle Carol A. Holland
Carol A. Holland
Nikolett Dravecz
Nikolett Dravecz
Susan Broughton
Susan Broughton
Lynne A. Barker
Fidelia Bature
Charlotte Clarke
Isaac M. Danat
Sayani Das
Irundika H. K. Dias
Annabel Dawson
M. Dixon
Amanda Ellison
David Façal
Roland Finch
Christopher J. Gaffney
Christopher J. Gaffney
Alan Gow
Eirini Kelaiditi
Andrzej Klimczuk
Esperanza Navarro-Pardo
Pheobe Sharratt
Pheobe Sharratt
Andrew Sixsmith
Claudia K. Suemoto
Lalu Suprawesta
Tamlyn Watermeyer
Sally Fowler Davis
Interventions for cognitive frailty: developing a Delphi consensus with multidisciplinary and multisectoral experts
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
cognitive frailty (CF)
intervention
Delphi study
expert consensus
multidisciplinary
multi-sectoral
title Interventions for cognitive frailty: developing a Delphi consensus with multidisciplinary and multisectoral experts
title_full Interventions for cognitive frailty: developing a Delphi consensus with multidisciplinary and multisectoral experts
title_fullStr Interventions for cognitive frailty: developing a Delphi consensus with multidisciplinary and multisectoral experts
title_full_unstemmed Interventions for cognitive frailty: developing a Delphi consensus with multidisciplinary and multisectoral experts
title_short Interventions for cognitive frailty: developing a Delphi consensus with multidisciplinary and multisectoral experts
title_sort interventions for cognitive frailty developing a delphi consensus with multidisciplinary and multisectoral experts
topic cognitive frailty (CF)
intervention
Delphi study
expert consensus
multidisciplinary
multi-sectoral
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1541048/full
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