The impact of maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) on athletic performance and health - a review
Introduction and purpose: Maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) is a key indicator of aerobic capacity, widely used in sports science and clinical diagnostics. It reflects the functional efficiency of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscular systems. Given its relevance to physical performance and he...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Quality in Sport |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/61293 |
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| Summary: | Introduction and purpose: Maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) is a key indicator of aerobic capacity, widely used in sports science and clinical diagnostics. It reflects the functional efficiency of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscular systems. Given its relevance to physical performance and health risk prediction, VO₂max has become a central focus in exercise physiology and preventive medicine. The aim of this study is to review current literature on the physiological determinants, assessment methods, modifiability, and clinical implications of VO₂max.
Material and method: A narrative review of literature published between 2000 and 2024 was performed using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Search terms included: “VO₂max,” “cardiorespiratory fitness,” “aerobic capacity,” “exercise testing,” and “training.” Eligible studies involved human participants and addressed either physiological mechanisms, measurement techniques, interventions, or the role of VO₂max in disease risk. Non-peer-reviewed and animal studies were excluded.
Results: VO₂max is influenced by genetic, physiological, and environmental factors, and can be improved through structured endurance and high-intensity interval training. Direct and indirect assessment methods, including laboratory testing and wearable devices, offer various levels of accuracy and accessibility. VO₂max is also strongly associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk, especially in clinical and aging populations.
Conclusions: VO₂max is a robust, clinically relevant marker of fitness and health. Its integration into regular health monitoring and personalized training programs offers valuable potential for disease prevention, performance optimization, and public health promotion.
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| ISSN: | 2450-3118 |