Unveiling Therapeutic Powers of Indigenous Flora: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Properties of <i>Horwoodia dicksoniae</i>

<b>Background:</b> <i>Horwoodia dicksoniae</i> Turrill. (Brassicaceae) and <i>Stipa capensis</i> Thunb. (Poaceae) are commonly grown in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. <b>Methods</b>: This study evaluated the antibacterial and antifungal potential...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Khadijah A. Altammar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Pharmaceuticals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/5/765
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850126669461848064
author Khadijah A. Altammar
author_facet Khadijah A. Altammar
author_sort Khadijah A. Altammar
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> <i>Horwoodia dicksoniae</i> Turrill. (Brassicaceae) and <i>Stipa capensis</i> Thunb. (Poaceae) are commonly grown in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. <b>Methods</b>: This study evaluated the antibacterial and antifungal potential of these plants. <i>H. dicksoniae</i> extract was further subjected to antioxidant, anticancer, GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, and in silico analyses. <b>Results</b>: <i>H. dicksoniae</i> extract presented a higher antimicrobial efficiency than <i>S. capensis</i> extract by effectively inhibiting the growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Proteus vulgaris</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>. <i>H. dicksoniae</i> ethanolic extract also demonstrated promising antioxidant and anticancer properties against the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 12 natural compounds in the <i>H. dicksoniae</i> extract, whereas LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 19 different compounds in negative ion mode and 25 in positive ion mode. Furthermore, the presence of bioactive compounds in the <i>H. dicksoniae</i> extract, such as flavonoids (acacetin and hesperetin) and caffeic acid, confirmed the observed antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Molecular docking revealed promising interactions between various bioactive compounds and target proteins associated with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study is the first to report GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analyses of <i>H. dicksoniae</i> ethanolic extract. The findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms and therapeutic applications of the identified bioactive compounds. Thus, the present work can serve as a platform for the isolation of natural compounds from <i>H. dicksoniae</i> extract, which may play a significant role in the discovery and design of new drugs for the treatment of human diseases.
format Article
id doaj-art-7cbcfa027ac04a438221d1b059c8e34f
institution OA Journals
issn 1424-8247
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Pharmaceuticals
spelling doaj-art-7cbcfa027ac04a438221d1b059c8e34f2025-08-20T02:33:51ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472025-05-0118576510.3390/ph18050765Unveiling Therapeutic Powers of Indigenous Flora: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Properties of <i>Horwoodia dicksoniae</i>Khadijah A. Altammar0Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia<b>Background:</b> <i>Horwoodia dicksoniae</i> Turrill. (Brassicaceae) and <i>Stipa capensis</i> Thunb. (Poaceae) are commonly grown in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. <b>Methods</b>: This study evaluated the antibacterial and antifungal potential of these plants. <i>H. dicksoniae</i> extract was further subjected to antioxidant, anticancer, GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, and in silico analyses. <b>Results</b>: <i>H. dicksoniae</i> extract presented a higher antimicrobial efficiency than <i>S. capensis</i> extract by effectively inhibiting the growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Proteus vulgaris</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>. <i>H. dicksoniae</i> ethanolic extract also demonstrated promising antioxidant and anticancer properties against the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 12 natural compounds in the <i>H. dicksoniae</i> extract, whereas LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 19 different compounds in negative ion mode and 25 in positive ion mode. Furthermore, the presence of bioactive compounds in the <i>H. dicksoniae</i> extract, such as flavonoids (acacetin and hesperetin) and caffeic acid, confirmed the observed antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Molecular docking revealed promising interactions between various bioactive compounds and target proteins associated with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study is the first to report GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analyses of <i>H. dicksoniae</i> ethanolic extract. The findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms and therapeutic applications of the identified bioactive compounds. Thus, the present work can serve as a platform for the isolation of natural compounds from <i>H. dicksoniae</i> extract, which may play a significant role in the discovery and design of new drugs for the treatment of human diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/5/765<i>Horwoodia dicksoniae</i><i>Stipa capensis</i>anticancerantimicrobialantioxidantchemical composition
spellingShingle Khadijah A. Altammar
Unveiling Therapeutic Powers of Indigenous Flora: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Properties of <i>Horwoodia dicksoniae</i>
Pharmaceuticals
<i>Horwoodia dicksoniae</i>
<i>Stipa capensis</i>
anticancer
antimicrobial
antioxidant
chemical composition
title Unveiling Therapeutic Powers of Indigenous Flora: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Properties of <i>Horwoodia dicksoniae</i>
title_full Unveiling Therapeutic Powers of Indigenous Flora: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Properties of <i>Horwoodia dicksoniae</i>
title_fullStr Unveiling Therapeutic Powers of Indigenous Flora: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Properties of <i>Horwoodia dicksoniae</i>
title_full_unstemmed Unveiling Therapeutic Powers of Indigenous Flora: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Properties of <i>Horwoodia dicksoniae</i>
title_short Unveiling Therapeutic Powers of Indigenous Flora: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Properties of <i>Horwoodia dicksoniae</i>
title_sort unveiling therapeutic powers of indigenous flora antimicrobial antioxidant and anticancer properties of i horwoodia dicksoniae i
topic <i>Horwoodia dicksoniae</i>
<i>Stipa capensis</i>
anticancer
antimicrobial
antioxidant
chemical composition
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/5/765
work_keys_str_mv AT khadijahaaltammar unveilingtherapeuticpowersofindigenousfloraantimicrobialantioxidantandanticancerpropertiesofihorwoodiadicksoniaei