Enhancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis With Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks: A Novel Approach for Histopathological Image Multi-Classification

In recent years, deep learning methods have dramatically improved medical image analysis, though earlier models faced difficulties in capturing intricate spatial and contextual details. These challenges highlighted the necessity for more powerful and flexible models. In this study, we introduce an i...

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Main Authors: Rajendra Babu Chikkala, Chinta Anuradha, Patnala S. R. Chandra Murty, S. Rajeswari, N. Rajeswaran, M. Murugappan, Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10891589/
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author Rajendra Babu Chikkala
Chinta Anuradha
Patnala S. R. Chandra Murty
S. Rajeswari
N. Rajeswaran
M. Murugappan
Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury
author_facet Rajendra Babu Chikkala
Chinta Anuradha
Patnala S. R. Chandra Murty
S. Rajeswari
N. Rajeswaran
M. Murugappan
Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury
author_sort Rajendra Babu Chikkala
collection DOAJ
description In recent years, deep learning methods have dramatically improved medical image analysis, though earlier models faced difficulties in capturing intricate spatial and contextual details. These challenges highlighted the necessity for more powerful and flexible models. In this study, we introduce an innovative method for the multi-classification of breast cancer histopathological images utilizing Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks (BRNN). The BRNN structure consists of four unique elements: the backbone branch for transfer learning, the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), the residual collaborative branch, and the feature fusion module. Specifically, the transfer learning aspect exploits a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on the ResNet50 architecture to draw image features from the ImageNet dataset, enhanced with an attention mechanism for improved feature representation. Additionally, the residual branch identifies specific pathological features using Floating Point Operations (FLOP). This cooperative method ensures thorough extraction of breast cancer classification features. The BRNN model was tested on the BreaKHis breast cancer dataset, comprising 7,909 microscopic images across 8 various classes from 82 patients. Our model achieved an average classification accuracy of 97.25 percent, exceeding current leading techniques. The BRNN model, refined using the Adagrad optimization algorithm, efficiently integrates the learned features from both branches. This tool provides oncologists with a substantial enhancement in diagnosing and planning treatment for breast cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-7caec7c3131f4f9cab87fcd0245d222b2025-08-20T02:47:44ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113416824170710.1109/ACCESS.2025.354298910891589Enhancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis With Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks: A Novel Approach for Histopathological Image Multi-ClassificationRajendra Babu Chikkala0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8753-6830Chinta Anuradha1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8580-3202Patnala S. R. Chandra Murty2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2241-2220S. Rajeswari3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-0284N. Rajeswaran4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3303-9206M. Murugappan5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5839-4589Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-8206Department of AI and DS, Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering, Mylavaram, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Vijayawada, Andra Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College, Maisammaguda, Secunderabad, Telangana, IndiaDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaSchool of Computer Applications, IMS Unison University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Intelligent Signal Processing (ISP) Research Laboratory, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha, KuwaitDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, QatarIn recent years, deep learning methods have dramatically improved medical image analysis, though earlier models faced difficulties in capturing intricate spatial and contextual details. These challenges highlighted the necessity for more powerful and flexible models. In this study, we introduce an innovative method for the multi-classification of breast cancer histopathological images utilizing Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks (BRNN). The BRNN structure consists of four unique elements: the backbone branch for transfer learning, the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), the residual collaborative branch, and the feature fusion module. Specifically, the transfer learning aspect exploits a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on the ResNet50 architecture to draw image features from the ImageNet dataset, enhanced with an attention mechanism for improved feature representation. Additionally, the residual branch identifies specific pathological features using Floating Point Operations (FLOP). This cooperative method ensures thorough extraction of breast cancer classification features. The BRNN model was tested on the BreaKHis breast cancer dataset, comprising 7,909 microscopic images across 8 various classes from 82 patients. Our model achieved an average classification accuracy of 97.25 percent, exceeding current leading techniques. The BRNN model, refined using the Adagrad optimization algorithm, efficiently integrates the learned features from both branches. This tool provides oncologists with a substantial enhancement in diagnosing and planning treatment for breast cancer.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10891589/Breast cancerBRNNGRUCNNResNetFLOP
spellingShingle Rajendra Babu Chikkala
Chinta Anuradha
Patnala S. R. Chandra Murty
S. Rajeswari
N. Rajeswaran
M. Murugappan
Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury
Enhancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis With Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks: A Novel Approach for Histopathological Image Multi-Classification
IEEE Access
Breast cancer
BRNN
GRU
CNN
ResNet
FLOP
title Enhancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis With Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks: A Novel Approach for Histopathological Image Multi-Classification
title_full Enhancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis With Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks: A Novel Approach for Histopathological Image Multi-Classification
title_fullStr Enhancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis With Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks: A Novel Approach for Histopathological Image Multi-Classification
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis With Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks: A Novel Approach for Histopathological Image Multi-Classification
title_short Enhancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis With Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks: A Novel Approach for Histopathological Image Multi-Classification
title_sort enhancing breast cancer diagnosis with bidirectional recurrent neural networks a novel approach for histopathological image multi classification
topic Breast cancer
BRNN
GRU
CNN
ResNet
FLOP
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10891589/
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