The role of microbiological methods in diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection in patients with aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty

Introduction Instability of the total hip arthroplasty is a common complication and an indication for revision arthroplasty. The implant instability is diagnosed as aseptic with no microbiological culture growth to be obtained through preoperative synovial aspiration. Etiological interpretation of...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Stanislav A. Linnik, Elena A. Orishak, Artem M. Ermakov, Ivan O. Kucheev, Lyudmila Yu. Nilova, Evgenii M. Fadeev, Giorgi Karagezov, Dmitrii Yu. Korshunov, Yaroslav B. Tsololo, Vadim V. Usikov, Andrey V. Polikarpov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics 2025-08-01
Series:Гений oртопедии
Subjects:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849233407799721984
author Stanislav A. Linnik
Elena A. Orishak
Artem M. Ermakov
Ivan O. Kucheev
Lyudmila Yu. Nilova
Evgenii M. Fadeev
Giorgi Karagezov
Dmitrii Yu. Korshunov
Yaroslav B. Tsololo
Vadim V. Usikov
Andrey V. Polikarpov
author_facet Stanislav A. Linnik
Elena A. Orishak
Artem M. Ermakov
Ivan O. Kucheev
Lyudmila Yu. Nilova
Evgenii M. Fadeev
Giorgi Karagezov
Dmitrii Yu. Korshunov
Yaroslav B. Tsololo
Vadim V. Usikov
Andrey V. Polikarpov
author_sort Stanislav A. Linnik
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Instability of the total hip arthroplasty is a common complication and an indication for revision arthroplasty. The implant instability is diagnosed as aseptic with no microbiological culture growth to be obtained through preoperative synovial aspiration. Etiological interpretation of intraoperative findings in cases of so-called "aseptic instability" is critical for determining subsequent treatment strategies. The objective was to determine the role of microbiological methods in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip. Material and methods A bacteriological analysis was produced for 173 patients with aseptic instability of total hip replacement. The patients aged 27 to 82 years. Based on laboratory, clinical and microbiological (MB) findings, the patients were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 118 (68.2 %) patients who underwent one-stage revision and had a favorable postoperative prognosis. The second group consisted of 55 (31.8 %) patients with elevated hematological parameters, local signs of inflammation, positive MB findings and had unfavorable prognosis. These patients underwent two-stage revision arthroplasty. Biopsy samples were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cases of minimal microbial load. Results Positive MB results were registered in 5.1 % of patients in the first group and in 25.5 % of patients in the second group. Intraoperative biopsies revealed positive results in 20.3 % of the first group and 30.9 % of the second group. PCR identified PJI in 7.5 % of MB biopsies and in 19.6 % of aspirates. Discussion The findings indicated low diagnostic value of microbiological cultures with PCR improving diagnostic accuracy by 7.5 %. Detection of low-virulence microorganisms including coagulase-negative staphylococci required specific evaluation criteria. Conclusion Microbiological culturing demonstrated moderate sensitivity, in low-virulence infections, in particular, while PCR in low-virulence infections was essential in establishing the microbial etiology of PJI.
format Article
id doaj-art-7cac4e7ace7e45e493763fad3206a256
institution Kabale University
issn 1028-4427
2542-131X
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics
record_format Article
series Гений oртопедии
spelling doaj-art-7cac4e7ace7e45e493763fad3206a2562025-08-20T06:21:22ZengRussian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and OrthopaedicsГений oртопедии1028-44272542-131X2025-08-0131445246210.18019/1028-4427-2025-31-4-452-462The role of microbiological methods in diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection in patients with aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplastyStanislav A. Linnik0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4840-6662Elena A. Orishak1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4562-4402Artem M. Ermakov2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5420-4637Ivan O. Kucheev3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8557-8431Lyudmila Yu. Nilova4https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8898-9152Evgenii M. Fadeev5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8428-0876Giorgi Karagezov6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5234-1697Dmitrii Yu. Korshunov7https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9819-0598Yaroslav B. Tsololo8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7744-0002Vadim V. Usikov9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7642-4665Andrey V. Polikarpov10North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russian FederationNorth-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russian FederationIlizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation Hospital for war veterans, Saint Petersburg, Russian FederationNorth-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russian FederationNorth-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russian FederationNorth-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russian FederationFederal Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Endoprosthetics, Smolensk, Russian FederationNorth-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russian FederationNorth-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russian FederationHospital for war veterans, Saint Petersburg, Russian FederationIntroduction Instability of the total hip arthroplasty is a common complication and an indication for revision arthroplasty. The implant instability is diagnosed as aseptic with no microbiological culture growth to be obtained through preoperative synovial aspiration. Etiological interpretation of intraoperative findings in cases of so-called "aseptic instability" is critical for determining subsequent treatment strategies. The objective was to determine the role of microbiological methods in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip. Material and methods A bacteriological analysis was produced for 173 patients with aseptic instability of total hip replacement. The patients aged 27 to 82 years. Based on laboratory, clinical and microbiological (MB) findings, the patients were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 118 (68.2 %) patients who underwent one-stage revision and had a favorable postoperative prognosis. The second group consisted of 55 (31.8 %) patients with elevated hematological parameters, local signs of inflammation, positive MB findings and had unfavorable prognosis. These patients underwent two-stage revision arthroplasty. Biopsy samples were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cases of minimal microbial load. Results Positive MB results were registered in 5.1 % of patients in the first group and in 25.5 % of patients in the second group. Intraoperative biopsies revealed positive results in 20.3 % of the first group and 30.9 % of the second group. PCR identified PJI in 7.5 % of MB biopsies and in 19.6 % of aspirates. Discussion The findings indicated low diagnostic value of microbiological cultures with PCR improving diagnostic accuracy by 7.5 %. Detection of low-virulence microorganisms including coagulase-negative staphylococci required specific evaluation criteria. Conclusion Microbiological culturing demonstrated moderate sensitivity, in low-virulence infections, in particular, while PCR in low-virulence infections was essential in establishing the microbial etiology of PJI.joint replacementperiprosthetic joint infectioncoagulase-negative staphylococcihip jointjoint instabilitymicrobiological studiespolymerase chain reaction
spellingShingle Stanislav A. Linnik
Elena A. Orishak
Artem M. Ermakov
Ivan O. Kucheev
Lyudmila Yu. Nilova
Evgenii M. Fadeev
Giorgi Karagezov
Dmitrii Yu. Korshunov
Yaroslav B. Tsololo
Vadim V. Usikov
Andrey V. Polikarpov
The role of microbiological methods in diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection in patients with aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty
Гений oртопедии
joint replacement
periprosthetic joint infection
coagulase-negative staphylococci
hip joint
joint instability
microbiological studies
polymerase chain reaction
title The role of microbiological methods in diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection in patients with aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty
title_full The role of microbiological methods in diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection in patients with aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty
title_fullStr The role of microbiological methods in diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection in patients with aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty
title_full_unstemmed The role of microbiological methods in diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection in patients with aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty
title_short The role of microbiological methods in diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection in patients with aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty
title_sort role of microbiological methods in diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection in patients with aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty
topic joint replacement
periprosthetic joint infection
coagulase-negative staphylococci
hip joint
joint instability
microbiological studies
polymerase chain reaction
work_keys_str_mv AT stanislavalinnik theroleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT elenaaorishak theroleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT artemmermakov theroleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT ivanokucheev theroleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT lyudmilayunilova theroleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT evgeniimfadeev theroleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT giorgikaragezov theroleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT dmitriiyukorshunov theroleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT yaroslavbtsololo theroleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT vadimvusikov theroleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT andreyvpolikarpov theroleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT stanislavalinnik roleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT elenaaorishak roleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT artemmermakov roleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT ivanokucheev roleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT lyudmilayunilova roleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT evgeniimfadeev roleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT giorgikaragezov roleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT dmitriiyukorshunov roleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT yaroslavbtsololo roleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT vadimvusikov roleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty
AT andreyvpolikarpov roleofmicrobiologicalmethodsindiagnosisofperiprostheticjointinfectioninpatientswithasepticlooseningoftotalhiparthroplasty