The effect of heated tobacco products on metabolic syndrome: A cohort study
Introduction Evidence concerning the health effects of using heated tobacco products is needed. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of conventional cigarettes (CCs), electronic vaping cigarettes (EVCs), and heated tobacco products (HTPs) on the development of metabolic syndrom...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
European Publishing
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/The-effect-of-heated-tobacco-products-on-metabolic-syndrome-A-cohort-study,194490,0,2.html |
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| Summary: | Introduction
Evidence concerning the health effects of using heated tobacco
products is needed. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of
conventional cigarettes (CCs), electronic vaping cigarettes (EVCs), and heated
tobacco products (HTPs) on the development of metabolic syndrome.
Methods
We conducted a cohort study in South Korea using data from the Korea
Medical Institute. The study included 183870 people who visited the Korea
Medical Institute, responded to a smoking status questionnaire in 2019, and
were followed up in 2020 – ever and current use of CCs, EVCs, and HTPs. We
defined the main outcome as incident metabolic syndrome among participants
with at least two health checkups separated by a follow-up period of at least a year.
Results
The association of using HTPs with risk for metabolic syndrome was
estimated after controlling for age, sex, exercise, drinking history, and smoking
regular cigarettes and using EVCs, with the Cox proportional hazards model.
The risk of incident metabolic syndrome was increased by 68% (HR=1.68; 95%
CI: 1.25–2.26) for current HTP users compared to never users. Among HTP
users who did not currently smoke conventional cigarettes, the risk was doubled
(HR=2.17; 95% CI: 1.31–3.62) when their smoking duration was ≥3 years. The
risk of metabolic syndrome increased by 33% (HR=1.33; CI: 1.18–1.49) among
HTP users who used them more than 16 times a day. The use of HTP was found
to increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, with a particularly elevated
risk observed among those who used HTPs for more than three years. The risk
was higher than that observed in conventional cigarette users.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that HTP use poses comparable risks in relation
to metabolic syndrome development. |
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| ISSN: | 1617-9625 |