Bosonic Randomized Benchmarking with Passive Transformations

Randomized benchmarking (RB) is the most commonly employed protocol for the characterization of unitary operations in quantum circuits due to its reasonable experimental requirements and robustness against state preparation and measurement (SPAM) errors. So far, the protocol has been limited to disc...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mirko Arienzo, Dmitry Grinko, Martin Kliesch, Markus Heinrich
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-04-01
Series:PRX Quantum
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.6.020305
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849703423677562880
author Mirko Arienzo
Dmitry Grinko
Martin Kliesch
Markus Heinrich
author_facet Mirko Arienzo
Dmitry Grinko
Martin Kliesch
Markus Heinrich
author_sort Mirko Arienzo
collection DOAJ
description Randomized benchmarking (RB) is the most commonly employed protocol for the characterization of unitary operations in quantum circuits due to its reasonable experimental requirements and robustness against state preparation and measurement (SPAM) errors. So far, the protocol has been limited to discrete or fermionic systems, whereas extensions to bosonic systems have been unclear for a long time due to challenges arising from the underlying bosonic Hilbert space. In this work, we close the gap for bosonic systems and develop an RB protocol to benchmark passive Gaussian transformations on any particle-number subspace, which we call passive bosonic RB. The protocol is built on top of the recently developed filtered RB framework [J. Helsen et al., PRX Quantum 3, 020357 (2022), M. Heinrich et al., Randomized benchmarking with random quantum circuits, arxiv:2212.06181 [quant-ph]] and is designed to isolate the multitude of exponential decays arising for passive bosonic transformations. We give explicit formulas and a Julia implementation for the necessary postprocessing of the experimental data. We also analyze the sampling complexity of passive bosonic RB by deriving analytical expressions for the variance. They show a mild scaling with the number of modes, suggesting that passive bosonic RB is experimentally feasible for a moderate number of modes. We focus on experimental settings involving Fock states and particle-number-resolving measurements, but also discuss Gaussian settings, deriving the first results for heterodyne measurements.
format Article
id doaj-art-7c98ba732ef7469194493f1a445eb277
institution DOAJ
issn 2691-3399
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher American Physical Society
record_format Article
series PRX Quantum
spelling doaj-art-7c98ba732ef7469194493f1a445eb2772025-08-20T03:17:18ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPRX Quantum2691-33992025-04-016202030510.1103/PRXQuantum.6.020305Bosonic Randomized Benchmarking with Passive TransformationsMirko ArienzoDmitry GrinkoMartin KlieschMarkus HeinrichRandomized benchmarking (RB) is the most commonly employed protocol for the characterization of unitary operations in quantum circuits due to its reasonable experimental requirements and robustness against state preparation and measurement (SPAM) errors. So far, the protocol has been limited to discrete or fermionic systems, whereas extensions to bosonic systems have been unclear for a long time due to challenges arising from the underlying bosonic Hilbert space. In this work, we close the gap for bosonic systems and develop an RB protocol to benchmark passive Gaussian transformations on any particle-number subspace, which we call passive bosonic RB. The protocol is built on top of the recently developed filtered RB framework [J. Helsen et al., PRX Quantum 3, 020357 (2022), M. Heinrich et al., Randomized benchmarking with random quantum circuits, arxiv:2212.06181 [quant-ph]] and is designed to isolate the multitude of exponential decays arising for passive bosonic transformations. We give explicit formulas and a Julia implementation for the necessary postprocessing of the experimental data. We also analyze the sampling complexity of passive bosonic RB by deriving analytical expressions for the variance. They show a mild scaling with the number of modes, suggesting that passive bosonic RB is experimentally feasible for a moderate number of modes. We focus on experimental settings involving Fock states and particle-number-resolving measurements, but also discuss Gaussian settings, deriving the first results for heterodyne measurements.http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.6.020305
spellingShingle Mirko Arienzo
Dmitry Grinko
Martin Kliesch
Markus Heinrich
Bosonic Randomized Benchmarking with Passive Transformations
PRX Quantum
title Bosonic Randomized Benchmarking with Passive Transformations
title_full Bosonic Randomized Benchmarking with Passive Transformations
title_fullStr Bosonic Randomized Benchmarking with Passive Transformations
title_full_unstemmed Bosonic Randomized Benchmarking with Passive Transformations
title_short Bosonic Randomized Benchmarking with Passive Transformations
title_sort bosonic randomized benchmarking with passive transformations
url http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.6.020305
work_keys_str_mv AT mirkoarienzo bosonicrandomizedbenchmarkingwithpassivetransformations
AT dmitrygrinko bosonicrandomizedbenchmarkingwithpassivetransformations
AT martinkliesch bosonicrandomizedbenchmarkingwithpassivetransformations
AT markusheinrich bosonicrandomizedbenchmarkingwithpassivetransformations