Toxicological Effects of Glufosinate-Ammonium-Containing Commercial Formulations on <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> in Aquatic Environments: A Multidimensional Study from Embryotoxicity to Histopathology

Glufosinate-ammonium (GLA) is a broad-spectrum herbicide widely used for weed control. However, its potential toxic effects on non-target aquatic organisms, especially in freshwater ecosystems, are of growing concern. This study investigates the toxic effects of GLA on <i>Biomphalaria glabrata...

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Main Authors: Yuncheng Qian, Jialu Xu, Yilu Feng, Ruiqi Weng, Keda Chen, Hezheng Zheng, Xianwei Li, Qingzhi Zhao, Xiaofen Zhang, Hongyu Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Toxics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/7/528
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author Yuncheng Qian
Jialu Xu
Yilu Feng
Ruiqi Weng
Keda Chen
Hezheng Zheng
Xianwei Li
Qingzhi Zhao
Xiaofen Zhang
Hongyu Li
author_facet Yuncheng Qian
Jialu Xu
Yilu Feng
Ruiqi Weng
Keda Chen
Hezheng Zheng
Xianwei Li
Qingzhi Zhao
Xiaofen Zhang
Hongyu Li
author_sort Yuncheng Qian
collection DOAJ
description Glufosinate-ammonium (GLA) is a broad-spectrum herbicide widely used for weed control. However, its potential toxic effects on non-target aquatic organisms, especially in freshwater ecosystems, are of growing concern. This study investigates the toxic effects of GLA on <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i>, a freshwater snail highly sensitive to environmental pollutants and commonly used as a model organism in toxicological studies. Acute toxicity tests revealed that the 96-h LC50 of GLA for adult snails was 3.77 mg/L, indicating moderate toxicity, while the LC50 for embryos was 0.01576 mg/L, indicating extremely high toxicity. Chronic exposure experiments further showed that at high concentrations (0.5 mg/L), the shell diameter and body weight of the snails not only failed to increase but also decreased, and they ceased to lay eggs. Moreover, their hepatopancreas and gonads suffered significant damage. Even at an environmentally relevant concentration of 0.05 mg/L, the body length, body weight, and reproductive capacity of the snails were inhibited, and damage to the hepatopancreas and gonads was observed. These findings provide important data for assessing the potential risks of GLA to aquatic ecosystems and offer a scientific basis for formulating environmental protection policies and optimizing herbicide usage standards.
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issn 2305-6304
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Toxics
spelling doaj-art-7c925f5bb2bc4c6b87fce3842d8dbba92025-08-20T02:47:06ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-06-0113752810.3390/toxics13070528Toxicological Effects of Glufosinate-Ammonium-Containing Commercial Formulations on <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> in Aquatic Environments: A Multidimensional Study from Embryotoxicity to HistopathologyYuncheng Qian0Jialu Xu1Yilu Feng2Ruiqi Weng3Keda Chen4Hezheng Zheng5Xianwei Li6Qingzhi Zhao7Xiaofen Zhang8Hongyu Li9Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, ChinaGlufosinate-ammonium (GLA) is a broad-spectrum herbicide widely used for weed control. However, its potential toxic effects on non-target aquatic organisms, especially in freshwater ecosystems, are of growing concern. This study investigates the toxic effects of GLA on <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i>, a freshwater snail highly sensitive to environmental pollutants and commonly used as a model organism in toxicological studies. Acute toxicity tests revealed that the 96-h LC50 of GLA for adult snails was 3.77 mg/L, indicating moderate toxicity, while the LC50 for embryos was 0.01576 mg/L, indicating extremely high toxicity. Chronic exposure experiments further showed that at high concentrations (0.5 mg/L), the shell diameter and body weight of the snails not only failed to increase but also decreased, and they ceased to lay eggs. Moreover, their hepatopancreas and gonads suffered significant damage. Even at an environmentally relevant concentration of 0.05 mg/L, the body length, body weight, and reproductive capacity of the snails were inhibited, and damage to the hepatopancreas and gonads was observed. These findings provide important data for assessing the potential risks of GLA to aquatic ecosystems and offer a scientific basis for formulating environmental protection policies and optimizing herbicide usage standards.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/7/528glufosinate-ammonium<i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i>embryotoxicityaquatic ecologyhistopathology
spellingShingle Yuncheng Qian
Jialu Xu
Yilu Feng
Ruiqi Weng
Keda Chen
Hezheng Zheng
Xianwei Li
Qingzhi Zhao
Xiaofen Zhang
Hongyu Li
Toxicological Effects of Glufosinate-Ammonium-Containing Commercial Formulations on <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> in Aquatic Environments: A Multidimensional Study from Embryotoxicity to Histopathology
Toxics
glufosinate-ammonium
<i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i>
embryotoxicity
aquatic ecology
histopathology
title Toxicological Effects of Glufosinate-Ammonium-Containing Commercial Formulations on <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> in Aquatic Environments: A Multidimensional Study from Embryotoxicity to Histopathology
title_full Toxicological Effects of Glufosinate-Ammonium-Containing Commercial Formulations on <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> in Aquatic Environments: A Multidimensional Study from Embryotoxicity to Histopathology
title_fullStr Toxicological Effects of Glufosinate-Ammonium-Containing Commercial Formulations on <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> in Aquatic Environments: A Multidimensional Study from Embryotoxicity to Histopathology
title_full_unstemmed Toxicological Effects of Glufosinate-Ammonium-Containing Commercial Formulations on <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> in Aquatic Environments: A Multidimensional Study from Embryotoxicity to Histopathology
title_short Toxicological Effects of Glufosinate-Ammonium-Containing Commercial Formulations on <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> in Aquatic Environments: A Multidimensional Study from Embryotoxicity to Histopathology
title_sort toxicological effects of glufosinate ammonium containing commercial formulations on i biomphalaria glabrata i in aquatic environments a multidimensional study from embryotoxicity to histopathology
topic glufosinate-ammonium
<i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i>
embryotoxicity
aquatic ecology
histopathology
url https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/7/528
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