Experimental Study on the Effect of Wind Speed on Hail Impacts
Hailstorms, exacerbated by global warming, inflict escalating economic losses on infrastructure, yet existing research overlooks wind–hail synergy in impact dynamics. This study employs a wind-tunnel-integrated hail impact simulator to analyze how wind speed, hail diameter, and velocity collectively...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5120 |
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| author | Yimin Dai Yao Deng Hao Luo Yanwen Long |
| author_facet | Yimin Dai Yao Deng Hao Luo Yanwen Long |
| author_sort | Yimin Dai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hailstorms, exacerbated by global warming, inflict escalating economic losses on infrastructure, yet existing research overlooks wind–hail synergy in impact dynamics. This study employs a wind-tunnel-integrated hail impact simulator to analyze how wind speed, hail diameter, and velocity collectively influence impact behavior. Key results reveal that higher wind speeds shorten the impact duration, accelerate peak force attainment, and amplify peak forces by up to 18.9% compared to windless conditions. Smaller hailstones exhibit reduced wind sensitivity, while combined increases in wind speed and hail diameter/velocity proportionally elevate peak forces. Momentum transfer from wind-driven fragmented hail clusters enhances force generation, demonstrating wind’s critical role in damage potential. A multivariate regression model predicting peak impact loads is proposed, offering actionable insights for wind–hail-resistant structural design. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7c8f3aa18cf34384a50099c79aaadbcc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-7c8f3aa18cf34384a50099c79aaadbcc2025-08-20T03:49:22ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-01159512010.3390/app15095120Experimental Study on the Effect of Wind Speed on Hail ImpactsYimin Dai0Yao Deng1Hao Luo2Yanwen Long3Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Structural Wind and Vibration Control, Xiangtan 411201, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Structural Wind and Vibration Control, Xiangtan 411201, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Structural Wind and Vibration Control, Xiangtan 411201, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Structural Wind and Vibration Control, Xiangtan 411201, ChinaHailstorms, exacerbated by global warming, inflict escalating economic losses on infrastructure, yet existing research overlooks wind–hail synergy in impact dynamics. This study employs a wind-tunnel-integrated hail impact simulator to analyze how wind speed, hail diameter, and velocity collectively influence impact behavior. Key results reveal that higher wind speeds shorten the impact duration, accelerate peak force attainment, and amplify peak forces by up to 18.9% compared to windless conditions. Smaller hailstones exhibit reduced wind sensitivity, while combined increases in wind speed and hail diameter/velocity proportionally elevate peak forces. Momentum transfer from wind-driven fragmented hail clusters enhances force generation, demonstrating wind’s critical role in damage potential. A multivariate regression model predicting peak impact loads is proposed, offering actionable insights for wind–hail-resistant structural design.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5120hailstoneimpactwind–hail couplingwind tunnel testmultiple linear regression analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yimin Dai Yao Deng Hao Luo Yanwen Long Experimental Study on the Effect of Wind Speed on Hail Impacts Applied Sciences hailstone impact wind–hail coupling wind tunnel test multiple linear regression analysis |
| title | Experimental Study on the Effect of Wind Speed on Hail Impacts |
| title_full | Experimental Study on the Effect of Wind Speed on Hail Impacts |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Study on the Effect of Wind Speed on Hail Impacts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Study on the Effect of Wind Speed on Hail Impacts |
| title_short | Experimental Study on the Effect of Wind Speed on Hail Impacts |
| title_sort | experimental study on the effect of wind speed on hail impacts |
| topic | hailstone impact wind–hail coupling wind tunnel test multiple linear regression analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/5120 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yimindai experimentalstudyontheeffectofwindspeedonhailimpacts AT yaodeng experimentalstudyontheeffectofwindspeedonhailimpacts AT haoluo experimentalstudyontheeffectofwindspeedonhailimpacts AT yanwenlong experimentalstudyontheeffectofwindspeedonhailimpacts |