Inflammatory pathways of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), an obligate intracellular parasite, is considered as an opportunistic infection and causes toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. Congenital toxoplasmosis can influence pregnancy and cause mild to severe consequences for the fetal and neonatal. During early T. gondii inf...
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Elsevier
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893924000772 |
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| author | Reyhaneh Moghaddami Mahdi Mahdipour Ehsan Ahmadpour |
| author_facet | Reyhaneh Moghaddami Mahdi Mahdipour Ehsan Ahmadpour |
| author_sort | Reyhaneh Moghaddami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), an obligate intracellular parasite, is considered as an opportunistic infection and causes toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. Congenital toxoplasmosis can influence pregnancy and cause mild to severe consequences for the fetal and neonatal. During early T. gondii infection, neutrophils as the most abundant white blood cells provide a front line of defense mechanism against infection. The activated dendritic cells are then responsible for initiating an inflammatory response via T-helper 1 (Th1) cells. As part of its robust immune response, the infected host cells produce interferon (IFN-γ). IFN-γ inhibits T. gondii replication and promotes its transformation from an active form to tissue cysts. Although anti- T. gondii antibodies play an important role in infection control, T-helper 2 (Th2) immune response, can facilitate the growth and proliferation of T. gondii in the host cell. In pregnant women infected with T. gondii, the expression of cytokines may vary and in response diverse outcomes are expected. Cytokine profiles serve as valuable indicators for estimating the patho-immunological effects of T. gondii infection. This demonstrates the intricate relationship between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as their influence on the various pregnancy outcomes in T. gondii infection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7c8b547e1b4e41f69826787a9e82dad9 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1873-0442 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-7c8b547e1b4e41f69826787a9e82dad92025-08-20T02:48:38ZengElsevierTravel Medicine and Infectious Disease1873-04422024-11-016210276010.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102760Inflammatory pathways of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancyReyhaneh Moghaddami0Mahdi Mahdipour1Ehsan Ahmadpour2Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranStem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranInfectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Corresponding author. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, PO Box: 14155, Iran.Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), an obligate intracellular parasite, is considered as an opportunistic infection and causes toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. Congenital toxoplasmosis can influence pregnancy and cause mild to severe consequences for the fetal and neonatal. During early T. gondii infection, neutrophils as the most abundant white blood cells provide a front line of defense mechanism against infection. The activated dendritic cells are then responsible for initiating an inflammatory response via T-helper 1 (Th1) cells. As part of its robust immune response, the infected host cells produce interferon (IFN-γ). IFN-γ inhibits T. gondii replication and promotes its transformation from an active form to tissue cysts. Although anti- T. gondii antibodies play an important role in infection control, T-helper 2 (Th2) immune response, can facilitate the growth and proliferation of T. gondii in the host cell. In pregnant women infected with T. gondii, the expression of cytokines may vary and in response diverse outcomes are expected. Cytokine profiles serve as valuable indicators for estimating the patho-immunological effects of T. gondii infection. This demonstrates the intricate relationship between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as their influence on the various pregnancy outcomes in T. gondii infection.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893924000772ToxoplasmosisImmune responsesInflammationGestationCongenital infection |
| spellingShingle | Reyhaneh Moghaddami Mahdi Mahdipour Ehsan Ahmadpour Inflammatory pathways of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease Toxoplasmosis Immune responses Inflammation Gestation Congenital infection |
| title | Inflammatory pathways of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy |
| title_full | Inflammatory pathways of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy |
| title_fullStr | Inflammatory pathways of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inflammatory pathways of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy |
| title_short | Inflammatory pathways of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy |
| title_sort | inflammatory pathways of toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy |
| topic | Toxoplasmosis Immune responses Inflammation Gestation Congenital infection |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893924000772 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT reyhanehmoghaddami inflammatorypathwaysoftoxoplasmagondiiinfectioninpregnancy AT mahdimahdipour inflammatorypathwaysoftoxoplasmagondiiinfectioninpregnancy AT ehsanahmadpour inflammatorypathwaysoftoxoplasmagondiiinfectioninpregnancy |