Optimization and microstructural study of friction riveted carbon-Kevlar and aluminum joints for aerospace applications

Abstract Friction riveting has emerged as a promising candidate for joining metals to polymers, as it is energy efficient, fast and environmentally friendly without material wastage. The joining of hybrid carbon-Kevlar polymer matrix composites with AA 7075 aluminium alloy is investigated in the cur...

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Main Authors: Nagarajan Jawahar Vignesh, Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes Navasingh, Shenbaga Velu Pitchumani, Angela Jennifa Sujana Jesudoss, Piotr Nieslony, Venkatachalam Gopalan, Krzysztof Stebel, Radosław Jasiński, Maciej Zdanowski, Jana Petru, Robert Čep
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89357-7
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author Nagarajan Jawahar Vignesh
Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes Navasingh
Shenbaga Velu Pitchumani
Angela Jennifa Sujana Jesudoss
Piotr Nieslony
Venkatachalam Gopalan
Krzysztof Stebel
Radosław Jasiński
Maciej Zdanowski
Jana Petru
Robert Čep
author_facet Nagarajan Jawahar Vignesh
Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes Navasingh
Shenbaga Velu Pitchumani
Angela Jennifa Sujana Jesudoss
Piotr Nieslony
Venkatachalam Gopalan
Krzysztof Stebel
Radosław Jasiński
Maciej Zdanowski
Jana Petru
Robert Čep
author_sort Nagarajan Jawahar Vignesh
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Friction riveting has emerged as a promising candidate for joining metals to polymers, as it is energy efficient, fast and environmentally friendly without material wastage. The joining of hybrid carbon-Kevlar polymer matrix composites with AA 7075 aluminium alloy is investigated in the current work. The multi-material joints were subjected to mechanical tests such as the T-pull tensile test and the lap shear pull-out test. The tensile load capacity and the shear pull-out capacity were 5.83 kN and 2.95 kN respectively. The process parameters involved were optimised by applying a hybrid Taguchi-Grey relation analysis. The optimum process parameters were 6000 rpm riveting speed, 0.2 MPa reaming pressure and 6 s reaming time. Optimization showed that the speed of the rivet is the most influential parameter in determining the strength of the joint and it is followed by friction time and pressure. Microstructural investigations showed the formation of different flow patterns and structures in bonding performance between carbon fibre and Kevlar fibre, that are involved in increasing the strength of the joints formed.
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spelling doaj-art-7c7eb77627a84141bf56d6082983e95a2025-08-20T02:59:35ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-89357-7Optimization and microstructural study of friction riveted carbon-Kevlar and aluminum joints for aerospace applicationsNagarajan Jawahar Vignesh0Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes Navasingh1Shenbaga Velu Pitchumani2Angela Jennifa Sujana Jesudoss3Piotr Nieslony4Venkatachalam Gopalan5Krzysztof Stebel6Radosław Jasiński7Maciej Zdanowski8Jana Petru9Robert Čep10Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Madurai College for Engineering and TechnologyFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of TechnologyCentre for Advanced Materials and Innovative Technologies, Vellore Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Mepco Schlenk Engineering CollegeFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of TechnologyCentre for Advanced Materials and Innovative Technologies, Vellore Institute of TechnologyFaculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Silesian University of TechnologyFaculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Building Structures and Laboratory of Civil Engineering Faculty, Silesian University of TechnologyFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Computer Science, Opole University of TechnologyDepartment of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, VŠB-Technical University of OstravaDepartment of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, VŠB-Technical University of OstravaAbstract Friction riveting has emerged as a promising candidate for joining metals to polymers, as it is energy efficient, fast and environmentally friendly without material wastage. The joining of hybrid carbon-Kevlar polymer matrix composites with AA 7075 aluminium alloy is investigated in the current work. The multi-material joints were subjected to mechanical tests such as the T-pull tensile test and the lap shear pull-out test. The tensile load capacity and the shear pull-out capacity were 5.83 kN and 2.95 kN respectively. The process parameters involved were optimised by applying a hybrid Taguchi-Grey relation analysis. The optimum process parameters were 6000 rpm riveting speed, 0.2 MPa reaming pressure and 6 s reaming time. Optimization showed that the speed of the rivet is the most influential parameter in determining the strength of the joint and it is followed by friction time and pressure. Microstructural investigations showed the formation of different flow patterns and structures in bonding performance between carbon fibre and Kevlar fibre, that are involved in increasing the strength of the joints formed.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89357-7Low-speed friction rivetingCarbon-Kevlar hybrid compositesAA 7075 rivetsT pull-tensile testLap shear pull-out testHybrid Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis
spellingShingle Nagarajan Jawahar Vignesh
Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes Navasingh
Shenbaga Velu Pitchumani
Angela Jennifa Sujana Jesudoss
Piotr Nieslony
Venkatachalam Gopalan
Krzysztof Stebel
Radosław Jasiński
Maciej Zdanowski
Jana Petru
Robert Čep
Optimization and microstructural study of friction riveted carbon-Kevlar and aluminum joints for aerospace applications
Scientific Reports
Low-speed friction riveting
Carbon-Kevlar hybrid composites
AA 7075 rivets
T pull-tensile test
Lap shear pull-out test
Hybrid Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis
title Optimization and microstructural study of friction riveted carbon-Kevlar and aluminum joints for aerospace applications
title_full Optimization and microstructural study of friction riveted carbon-Kevlar and aluminum joints for aerospace applications
title_fullStr Optimization and microstructural study of friction riveted carbon-Kevlar and aluminum joints for aerospace applications
title_full_unstemmed Optimization and microstructural study of friction riveted carbon-Kevlar and aluminum joints for aerospace applications
title_short Optimization and microstructural study of friction riveted carbon-Kevlar and aluminum joints for aerospace applications
title_sort optimization and microstructural study of friction riveted carbon kevlar and aluminum joints for aerospace applications
topic Low-speed friction riveting
Carbon-Kevlar hybrid composites
AA 7075 rivets
T pull-tensile test
Lap shear pull-out test
Hybrid Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89357-7
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