Seroepidemiological Surveillance of Livestock Within an Endemic Focus of Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i>
Leishmaniasis by <i>Leishmania infantum</i> has a zoonotic transmission cycle involving an increasing number of mammalian hosts, forming a cooperative network. The sand fly feeding on livestock is evidenced, but clinical confirmation regarding their infection is limited. We aimed to eval...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Joaquina Martín-Sánchez María Ángeles Trujillos-Pérez Andrés Torres-Llamas Victoriano Díaz-Sáez Francisco Morillas-Márquez Patricia Ibáñez-De Haro Francisca L. de Torres Antonio Ortiz Manuel Morales-Yuste |
| author_facet | Joaquina Martín-Sánchez María Ángeles Trujillos-Pérez Andrés Torres-Llamas Victoriano Díaz-Sáez Francisco Morillas-Márquez Patricia Ibáñez-De Haro Francisca L. de Torres Antonio Ortiz Manuel Morales-Yuste |
| author_sort | Joaquina Martín-Sánchez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leishmaniasis by <i>Leishmania infantum</i> has a zoonotic transmission cycle involving an increasing number of mammalian hosts, forming a cooperative network. The sand fly feeding on livestock is evidenced, but clinical confirmation regarding their infection is limited. We aimed to evaluate <i>Leishmania</i> seroprevalence in livestock to assess its impact on leishmaniasis epidemiology in an endemic area located in the Mediterranean region. A cross-sectional serological study screened livestock exposure to <i>L. infantum</i> and risk factors in Southern Spain. A total of 864 serum samples of clinically healthy sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were examined by an indirect fluorescence antibody test, using a 1/80 cut-off titre to minimize cross-reactions. Global seroprevalence was 10.8%: 21.6% cattle, 15.4% sheep, 7.3% goats, and 0.6% pigs. Statistically significant differences in positive detection were observed among species (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and natural regions (<i>p</i> < 0.001). High positive reactions in cattle, goats, and sheep suggest livestock exposure to <i>Leishmania</i> spp. and potential asymptomatic infection. Livestock presence in biotopes could promote a dilution effect, reducing human leishmaniasis incidence. Further investigation is needed to confirm livestock roles in leishmaniasis maintenance and transmission. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-7c64afa4f20147c2b865466d2e9c8c7b2025-08-20T03:10:50ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-05-011511151110.3390/ani15111511Seroepidemiological Surveillance of Livestock Within an Endemic Focus of Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i>Joaquina Martín-Sánchez0María Ángeles Trujillos-Pérez1Andrés Torres-Llamas2Victoriano Díaz-Sáez3Francisco Morillas-Márquez4Patricia Ibáñez-De Haro5Francisca L. de Torres6Antonio Ortiz7Manuel Morales-Yuste8Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, SpainSanidad Animal, Agencia de Gestión Agraria y Pesquera, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andalucía, 18230 Atarfe, SpainDepartamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, SpainSanidad Animal, Agencia de Gestión Agraria y Pesquera, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andalucía, 18230 Atarfe, SpainSanidad Animal, Agencia de Gestión Agraria y Pesquera, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andalucía, 18230 Atarfe, SpainDepartamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, SpainLeishmaniasis by <i>Leishmania infantum</i> has a zoonotic transmission cycle involving an increasing number of mammalian hosts, forming a cooperative network. The sand fly feeding on livestock is evidenced, but clinical confirmation regarding their infection is limited. We aimed to evaluate <i>Leishmania</i> seroprevalence in livestock to assess its impact on leishmaniasis epidemiology in an endemic area located in the Mediterranean region. A cross-sectional serological study screened livestock exposure to <i>L. infantum</i> and risk factors in Southern Spain. A total of 864 serum samples of clinically healthy sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were examined by an indirect fluorescence antibody test, using a 1/80 cut-off titre to minimize cross-reactions. Global seroprevalence was 10.8%: 21.6% cattle, 15.4% sheep, 7.3% goats, and 0.6% pigs. Statistically significant differences in positive detection were observed among species (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and natural regions (<i>p</i> < 0.001). High positive reactions in cattle, goats, and sheep suggest livestock exposure to <i>Leishmania</i> spp. and potential asymptomatic infection. Livestock presence in biotopes could promote a dilution effect, reducing human leishmaniasis incidence. Further investigation is needed to confirm livestock roles in leishmaniasis maintenance and transmission.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1511<i>Leishmania</i> spp.seroprevalencesheepgoatcattlepig |
| spellingShingle | Joaquina Martín-Sánchez María Ángeles Trujillos-Pérez Andrés Torres-Llamas Victoriano Díaz-Sáez Francisco Morillas-Márquez Patricia Ibáñez-De Haro Francisca L. de Torres Antonio Ortiz Manuel Morales-Yuste Seroepidemiological Surveillance of Livestock Within an Endemic Focus of Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i> Animals <i>Leishmania</i> spp. seroprevalence sheep goat cattle pig |
| title | Seroepidemiological Surveillance of Livestock Within an Endemic Focus of Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i> |
| title_full | Seroepidemiological Surveillance of Livestock Within an Endemic Focus of Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i> |
| title_fullStr | Seroepidemiological Surveillance of Livestock Within an Endemic Focus of Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seroepidemiological Surveillance of Livestock Within an Endemic Focus of Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i> |
| title_short | Seroepidemiological Surveillance of Livestock Within an Endemic Focus of Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i> |
| title_sort | seroepidemiological surveillance of livestock within an endemic focus of leishmaniasis caused by i leishmania infantum i |
| topic | <i>Leishmania</i> spp. seroprevalence sheep goat cattle pig |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1511 |
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