The association between nutrient patterns and hospital stay duration and symptoms in COVID-19 in Iranian patients: cross-sectional study
BackgroundAn excessively reactive immune system results in the cytokine storm COVID-19. A healthy diet is essential to maintain the balance between the immune system and inflammatory and oxidative stress. Associations between single foods and nutrients and COVID-19 have been examined. However, no pr...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1542449/full |
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| author | Atieh Mirzababaei Atieh Mirzababaei Farideh Shiraseb Azam Mohamadi Azam Mohamadi Mahya Mehri Hajmir Sara Ebrahimi Zeinab Zarrinvafa Elham Kazemian Amir Mehrvar Khadijeh Mirzaei |
| author_facet | Atieh Mirzababaei Atieh Mirzababaei Farideh Shiraseb Azam Mohamadi Azam Mohamadi Mahya Mehri Hajmir Sara Ebrahimi Zeinab Zarrinvafa Elham Kazemian Amir Mehrvar Khadijeh Mirzaei |
| author_sort | Atieh Mirzababaei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundAn excessively reactive immune system results in the cytokine storm COVID-19. A healthy diet is essential to maintain the balance between the immune system and inflammatory and oxidative stress. Associations between single foods and nutrients and COVID-19 have been examined. However, no prior study has examined associations between nutrient patterns and COVID-19. This study assessed the link between nutrient patterns and the COVID-19 severity and length of hospital stay in Iranian adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 107 Iranian adults aged 20–60 years, who were admitted to Amir Alam Hospital in Tehran, Iran, due to COVID-19. Data on their symptoms were collected through a demographic questionnaire and verified against their hospital records. Three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls were used to collect participants’ food and beverage intake. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to derive nutrient patterns.ResultA total of 95 Covid patients with a mean age of 46.2 years were included. Four major dietary patterns were identified using the Scree Plot chart, including high carbohydrate and high minerals pattern; high protein and high vitamins pattern; high fat pattern; and poor nutrient pattern. Adherence to the poor nutrient patterns was associated with a higher number of hospitalization days and lower appetite (p < 0.05). The poor dietary patterns were associated with an increased likelihood of headache, fever, and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Also, headaches were more common with adherence to the high-fat pattern (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe findings of this study show that a poor nutrient pattern is related to longer hospital stays and reduced appetite. It also connected to an increased likelihood of symptoms including headaches, fever, and respiratory distress syndrome. A strong association was found between respiratory distress syndrome, headaches, and a high-fat diet was found. Further studies with prospective designs are needed to better understand and validate these findings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7c5f1dab93b240bcaca2ec8e792a4ece |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-7c5f1dab93b240bcaca2ec8e792a4ece2025-08-20T02:01:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-03-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15424491542449The association between nutrient patterns and hospital stay duration and symptoms in COVID-19 in Iranian patients: cross-sectional studyAtieh Mirzababaei0Atieh Mirzababaei1Farideh Shiraseb2Azam Mohamadi3Azam Mohamadi4Mahya Mehri Hajmir5Sara Ebrahimi6Zeinab Zarrinvafa7Elham Kazemian8Amir Mehrvar9Khadijeh Mirzaei10Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranImam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United StatesInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Orthopedics, Taleghani Hospital Research Development Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranBackgroundAn excessively reactive immune system results in the cytokine storm COVID-19. A healthy diet is essential to maintain the balance between the immune system and inflammatory and oxidative stress. Associations between single foods and nutrients and COVID-19 have been examined. However, no prior study has examined associations between nutrient patterns and COVID-19. This study assessed the link between nutrient patterns and the COVID-19 severity and length of hospital stay in Iranian adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 107 Iranian adults aged 20–60 years, who were admitted to Amir Alam Hospital in Tehran, Iran, due to COVID-19. Data on their symptoms were collected through a demographic questionnaire and verified against their hospital records. Three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls were used to collect participants’ food and beverage intake. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to derive nutrient patterns.ResultA total of 95 Covid patients with a mean age of 46.2 years were included. Four major dietary patterns were identified using the Scree Plot chart, including high carbohydrate and high minerals pattern; high protein and high vitamins pattern; high fat pattern; and poor nutrient pattern. Adherence to the poor nutrient patterns was associated with a higher number of hospitalization days and lower appetite (p < 0.05). The poor dietary patterns were associated with an increased likelihood of headache, fever, and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Also, headaches were more common with adherence to the high-fat pattern (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe findings of this study show that a poor nutrient pattern is related to longer hospital stays and reduced appetite. It also connected to an increased likelihood of symptoms including headaches, fever, and respiratory distress syndrome. A strong association was found between respiratory distress syndrome, headaches, and a high-fat diet was found. Further studies with prospective designs are needed to better understand and validate these findings.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1542449/fullnutrient patternsCOVID-19obesitysigns and symptomslength of hospital stay |
| spellingShingle | Atieh Mirzababaei Atieh Mirzababaei Farideh Shiraseb Azam Mohamadi Azam Mohamadi Mahya Mehri Hajmir Sara Ebrahimi Zeinab Zarrinvafa Elham Kazemian Amir Mehrvar Khadijeh Mirzaei The association between nutrient patterns and hospital stay duration and symptoms in COVID-19 in Iranian patients: cross-sectional study Frontiers in Nutrition nutrient patterns COVID-19 obesity signs and symptoms length of hospital stay |
| title | The association between nutrient patterns and hospital stay duration and symptoms in COVID-19 in Iranian patients: cross-sectional study |
| title_full | The association between nutrient patterns and hospital stay duration and symptoms in COVID-19 in Iranian patients: cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | The association between nutrient patterns and hospital stay duration and symptoms in COVID-19 in Iranian patients: cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The association between nutrient patterns and hospital stay duration and symptoms in COVID-19 in Iranian patients: cross-sectional study |
| title_short | The association between nutrient patterns and hospital stay duration and symptoms in COVID-19 in Iranian patients: cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | association between nutrient patterns and hospital stay duration and symptoms in covid 19 in iranian patients cross sectional study |
| topic | nutrient patterns COVID-19 obesity signs and symptoms length of hospital stay |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1542449/full |
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