Research on Open-Set Recognition Methods for Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis

In rolling bearing fault diagnosis, when an unknown fault is present, the Closed-Set Recognition (CSR) method tends to misclassify it as a known fault. To address this issue, an Open-Set Recognition (OSR) framework is proposed for rolling bearing fault diagnosis in this study. The framework is built...

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Main Authors: Jia Xu, Yan Wang, Renyi Xu, Hailin Wang, Xinzhi Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3019
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author Jia Xu
Yan Wang
Renyi Xu
Hailin Wang
Xinzhi Zhou
author_facet Jia Xu
Yan Wang
Renyi Xu
Hailin Wang
Xinzhi Zhou
author_sort Jia Xu
collection DOAJ
description In rolling bearing fault diagnosis, when an unknown fault is present, the Closed-Set Recognition (CSR) method tends to misclassify it as a known fault. To address this issue, an Open-Set Recognition (OSR) framework is proposed for rolling bearing fault diagnosis in this study. The framework is built upon a serial multi-scale convolutional prototype learning (SMCPL) network, enhanced with an efficient channel attention (ECA) mechanism to extract the most critical fault features. The extracted features are fed into the Density Peak Clustering (DPC) module, which identifies known and unknown classes based on the computed local densities and relative distances. Finally, validation is performed on the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) dataset, the Xi’an Jiaotong University rolling bearing accelerated life test dataset (XJTU-SY), and the Paderborn University bearing dataset (PU), Germany, and the framework is comprehensively evaluated in terms of several evaluation metrics, such as normalization accuracy and feature visualization. The experimental results show that SMCPL-ECA-DPC outperforms the comparative methods of SMCPL, CPL, ANEDL, CNN, and OpenMax and has high diagnostic performance in the identification of unknown faults.
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spelling doaj-art-7c4810e6865648f5ab60f2a96c71ad5a2025-08-20T01:56:42ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012510301910.3390/s25103019Research on Open-Set Recognition Methods for Rolling Bearing Fault DiagnosisJia Xu0Yan Wang1Renyi Xu2Hailin Wang3Xinzhi Zhou4School of Electronic Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaSchool of Electronic Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, ChinaSchool of Electronic Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaIn rolling bearing fault diagnosis, when an unknown fault is present, the Closed-Set Recognition (CSR) method tends to misclassify it as a known fault. To address this issue, an Open-Set Recognition (OSR) framework is proposed for rolling bearing fault diagnosis in this study. The framework is built upon a serial multi-scale convolutional prototype learning (SMCPL) network, enhanced with an efficient channel attention (ECA) mechanism to extract the most critical fault features. The extracted features are fed into the Density Peak Clustering (DPC) module, which identifies known and unknown classes based on the computed local densities and relative distances. Finally, validation is performed on the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) dataset, the Xi’an Jiaotong University rolling bearing accelerated life test dataset (XJTU-SY), and the Paderborn University bearing dataset (PU), Germany, and the framework is comprehensively evaluated in terms of several evaluation metrics, such as normalization accuracy and feature visualization. The experimental results show that SMCPL-ECA-DPC outperforms the comparative methods of SMCPL, CPL, ANEDL, CNN, and OpenMax and has high diagnostic performance in the identification of unknown faults.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3019rolling bearingsOpen-Set Recognitionunknown fault diagnosismulti-scale
spellingShingle Jia Xu
Yan Wang
Renyi Xu
Hailin Wang
Xinzhi Zhou
Research on Open-Set Recognition Methods for Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Sensors
rolling bearings
Open-Set Recognition
unknown fault diagnosis
multi-scale
title Research on Open-Set Recognition Methods for Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis
title_full Research on Open-Set Recognition Methods for Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis
title_fullStr Research on Open-Set Recognition Methods for Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis
title_full_unstemmed Research on Open-Set Recognition Methods for Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis
title_short Research on Open-Set Recognition Methods for Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis
title_sort research on open set recognition methods for rolling bearing fault diagnosis
topic rolling bearings
Open-Set Recognition
unknown fault diagnosis
multi-scale
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3019
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AT yanwang researchonopensetrecognitionmethodsforrollingbearingfaultdiagnosis
AT renyixu researchonopensetrecognitionmethodsforrollingbearingfaultdiagnosis
AT hailinwang researchonopensetrecognitionmethodsforrollingbearingfaultdiagnosis
AT xinzhizhou researchonopensetrecognitionmethodsforrollingbearingfaultdiagnosis