Understanding the link between circumferential dikes and eruptive fissures around calderas based on numerical and analog models
Abstract Active calderas are seldom associated with circumferential eruptive fissures, but eroded magmatic complexes reveal widespread circumferential dikes. This suggests that, while the conditions to emplace circumferential dikes are easily met, mechanisms must prevent them from reaching the surfa...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2016-06-01
|
| Series: | Geophysical Research Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068721 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850274986160291840 |
|---|---|
| author | Fabio Corbi Eleonora Rivalta Virginie Pinel Francesco Maccaferri Valerio Acocella |
| author_facet | Fabio Corbi Eleonora Rivalta Virginie Pinel Francesco Maccaferri Valerio Acocella |
| author_sort | Fabio Corbi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Active calderas are seldom associated with circumferential eruptive fissures, but eroded magmatic complexes reveal widespread circumferential dikes. This suggests that, while the conditions to emplace circumferential dikes are easily met, mechanisms must prevent them from reaching the surface. We explain this discrepancy with experiments of air injection into gelatin shaped as a volcano with caldera. Analog dikes show variable deflection, depending on the competition between overpressure, Pe, and topographic unloading, Pl; when Pl/Pe = 4.8–5.3, the dikes propagate orthogonal to the least compressive stress. Due to the unloading, they become circumferential and stall below the caldera rim; buoyancy is fundamental for the further rise and circumferential fissure development. Numerical models quantitatively constrain the stress orientation within the gelatin, explaining the observed circumferential dikes. Our results explain how dikes propagate below the rim of felsic and mafic calderas, but only in the latter they are prone to feed circumferential fissures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7c385dd2080e4e4183832b59e793f88f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0094-8276 1944-8007 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geophysical Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-7c385dd2080e4e4183832b59e793f88f2025-08-20T01:50:59ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072016-06-0143126212621910.1002/2016GL068721Understanding the link between circumferential dikes and eruptive fissures around calderas based on numerical and analog modelsFabio Corbi0Eleonora Rivalta1Virginie Pinel2Francesco Maccaferri3Valerio Acocella4GFZ German Centre for Geosciences, Section 2.1 Telegrafenberg GermanyGFZ German Centre for Geosciences, Section 2.1 Telegrafenberg GermanyISTerre, Université Savoie Mont‐Blanc, IRD, CNRS, Campus Scientifique Le Bourget du Lac FranceGFZ German Centre for Geosciences, Section 2.1 Telegrafenberg GermanyDipartimento di Scienze Università Roma Tre Rome ItalyAbstract Active calderas are seldom associated with circumferential eruptive fissures, but eroded magmatic complexes reveal widespread circumferential dikes. This suggests that, while the conditions to emplace circumferential dikes are easily met, mechanisms must prevent them from reaching the surface. We explain this discrepancy with experiments of air injection into gelatin shaped as a volcano with caldera. Analog dikes show variable deflection, depending on the competition between overpressure, Pe, and topographic unloading, Pl; when Pl/Pe = 4.8–5.3, the dikes propagate orthogonal to the least compressive stress. Due to the unloading, they become circumferential and stall below the caldera rim; buoyancy is fundamental for the further rise and circumferential fissure development. Numerical models quantitatively constrain the stress orientation within the gelatin, explaining the observed circumferential dikes. Our results explain how dikes propagate below the rim of felsic and mafic calderas, but only in the latter they are prone to feed circumferential fissures.https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068721dike propagationcalderatopographic unloadingeruptive fissure patternanalog modelsfinite element models |
| spellingShingle | Fabio Corbi Eleonora Rivalta Virginie Pinel Francesco Maccaferri Valerio Acocella Understanding the link between circumferential dikes and eruptive fissures around calderas based on numerical and analog models Geophysical Research Letters dike propagation caldera topographic unloading eruptive fissure pattern analog models finite element models |
| title | Understanding the link between circumferential dikes and eruptive fissures around calderas based on numerical and analog models |
| title_full | Understanding the link between circumferential dikes and eruptive fissures around calderas based on numerical and analog models |
| title_fullStr | Understanding the link between circumferential dikes and eruptive fissures around calderas based on numerical and analog models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the link between circumferential dikes and eruptive fissures around calderas based on numerical and analog models |
| title_short | Understanding the link between circumferential dikes and eruptive fissures around calderas based on numerical and analog models |
| title_sort | understanding the link between circumferential dikes and eruptive fissures around calderas based on numerical and analog models |
| topic | dike propagation caldera topographic unloading eruptive fissure pattern analog models finite element models |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068721 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fabiocorbi understandingthelinkbetweencircumferentialdikesanderuptivefissuresaroundcalderasbasedonnumericalandanalogmodels AT eleonorarivalta understandingthelinkbetweencircumferentialdikesanderuptivefissuresaroundcalderasbasedonnumericalandanalogmodels AT virginiepinel understandingthelinkbetweencircumferentialdikesanderuptivefissuresaroundcalderasbasedonnumericalandanalogmodels AT francescomaccaferri understandingthelinkbetweencircumferentialdikesanderuptivefissuresaroundcalderasbasedonnumericalandanalogmodels AT valerioacocella understandingthelinkbetweencircumferentialdikesanderuptivefissuresaroundcalderasbasedonnumericalandanalogmodels |