A comparison of cell death pathways in three different kinds of human lung cancer cell lines following hematoporphyrin derivative-mediated photodynamic therapy

This study was conducted to investigate the in vitro differences in killing effects and cellular death pathways in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, human lung squamous carcinoma H520 cells, and human lung small cell carcinoma H446 cells mediated by hema...

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Main Authors: Yijiang Ma, Baohong Xiao, Aihua Sui, Xiaohui Yang, Shichao Cui, Yiwei Cao, Cunzhi Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Cancer Biology & Therapy
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15384047.2025.2542011
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author Yijiang Ma
Baohong Xiao
Aihua Sui
Xiaohui Yang
Shichao Cui
Yiwei Cao
Cunzhi Lin
author_facet Yijiang Ma
Baohong Xiao
Aihua Sui
Xiaohui Yang
Shichao Cui
Yiwei Cao
Cunzhi Lin
author_sort Yijiang Ma
collection DOAJ
description This study was conducted to investigate the in vitro differences in killing effects and cellular death pathways in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, human lung squamous carcinoma H520 cells, and human lung small cell carcinoma H446 cells mediated by hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) at 630 nm laser wavelength. Our results showed that the viability of the BEAS-2B, A549, H520, and H446 cells gradually decreased with increasing HPD concentration after HPD-PDT. HPD-PDT induced an increase in intracellular ROS production (p < 0.05), with H520 > A549 > H446 > BEAS-2B. HPD-PDT resulted in intracellular chromatin fixation and dense nuclear staining and induced apoptosis, with apoptosis rates of H520 > A549 > H446 > BEAS-2B. The western blotting (WB) results showed that HPD-PDT could lead to reduced BCL-2 protein levels, upregulate BAX protein expression and activate caspase-3 protein, and induce autophagy, as evidenced by the increased expression of the autophagy-related proteins ATG5, Beclin-1 and LC3B in all cells tested. However, apoptosis-inducing proteins and autophagy proteins were statistically different in these four cell types. Our study confirms that HPD-mediated phototoxicity varied in the different cell lines, indicating that lung cancer cells die due to the interactions of different cell death pathways rather than the same well-defined mechanisms.
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spelling doaj-art-7c19a1c130aa4278834e94d2b8de5a6f2025-08-20T02:54:42ZengTaylor & Francis GroupCancer Biology & Therapy1538-40471555-85762025-12-0126110.1080/15384047.2025.2542011A comparison of cell death pathways in three different kinds of human lung cancer cell lines following hematoporphyrin derivative-mediated photodynamic therapyYijiang Ma0Baohong Xiao1Aihua Sui2Xiaohui Yang3Shichao Cui4Yiwei Cao5Cunzhi Lin6Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaMedical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaThis study was conducted to investigate the in vitro differences in killing effects and cellular death pathways in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, human lung squamous carcinoma H520 cells, and human lung small cell carcinoma H446 cells mediated by hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) at 630 nm laser wavelength. Our results showed that the viability of the BEAS-2B, A549, H520, and H446 cells gradually decreased with increasing HPD concentration after HPD-PDT. HPD-PDT induced an increase in intracellular ROS production (p < 0.05), with H520 > A549 > H446 > BEAS-2B. HPD-PDT resulted in intracellular chromatin fixation and dense nuclear staining and induced apoptosis, with apoptosis rates of H520 > A549 > H446 > BEAS-2B. The western blotting (WB) results showed that HPD-PDT could lead to reduced BCL-2 protein levels, upregulate BAX protein expression and activate caspase-3 protein, and induce autophagy, as evidenced by the increased expression of the autophagy-related proteins ATG5, Beclin-1 and LC3B in all cells tested. However, apoptosis-inducing proteins and autophagy proteins were statistically different in these four cell types. Our study confirms that HPD-mediated phototoxicity varied in the different cell lines, indicating that lung cancer cells die due to the interactions of different cell death pathways rather than the same well-defined mechanisms.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15384047.2025.2542011Lung cancerphotodynamic therapyhematoporphyrin derivativeROSapoptosisautophagy
spellingShingle Yijiang Ma
Baohong Xiao
Aihua Sui
Xiaohui Yang
Shichao Cui
Yiwei Cao
Cunzhi Lin
A comparison of cell death pathways in three different kinds of human lung cancer cell lines following hematoporphyrin derivative-mediated photodynamic therapy
Cancer Biology & Therapy
Lung cancer
photodynamic therapy
hematoporphyrin derivative
ROS
apoptosis
autophagy
title A comparison of cell death pathways in three different kinds of human lung cancer cell lines following hematoporphyrin derivative-mediated photodynamic therapy
title_full A comparison of cell death pathways in three different kinds of human lung cancer cell lines following hematoporphyrin derivative-mediated photodynamic therapy
title_fullStr A comparison of cell death pathways in three different kinds of human lung cancer cell lines following hematoporphyrin derivative-mediated photodynamic therapy
title_full_unstemmed A comparison of cell death pathways in three different kinds of human lung cancer cell lines following hematoporphyrin derivative-mediated photodynamic therapy
title_short A comparison of cell death pathways in three different kinds of human lung cancer cell lines following hematoporphyrin derivative-mediated photodynamic therapy
title_sort comparison of cell death pathways in three different kinds of human lung cancer cell lines following hematoporphyrin derivative mediated photodynamic therapy
topic Lung cancer
photodynamic therapy
hematoporphyrin derivative
ROS
apoptosis
autophagy
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15384047.2025.2542011
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