The Implications of Tobacco Smoking on Acute Postoperative Pain: A Prospective Observational Study
Background. The clinical importance of cigarette smoking on acute postoperative pain perception is not fully understood. Methods. To determine whether smokers who underwent major surgery need more postoperative opiate than do nonsmokers. We prospectively enrolled 407 male and 441 female participants...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Pain Research and Management |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9432493 |
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