The subtle threat of human papilloma virus: A comprehensive overview
Oncogenic viruses that flourish in people as well as animals can produce malignances. With almost more than 200 different forms, human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main oncogenic virus present in the reproductive tract. The most common form is HPV 16; large amounts of this type have been found in war...
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Medicine in Microecology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590097825000163 |
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| author | Nisha Beniwal Baljeet Singh Saharan |
| author_facet | Nisha Beniwal Baljeet Singh Saharan |
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| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oncogenic viruses that flourish in people as well as animals can produce malignances. With almost more than 200 different forms, human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main oncogenic virus present in the reproductive tract. The most common form is HPV 16; large amounts of this type have been found in warty and basaloid vulvar cancer. Particularly HPV strains 6, 11, and 18, which are linked to vaginal cancer, women who participate in sexual activity have a higher risk of obtaining HPV. Comprising five species and a 7.9 kilobase genome, HPV consists in 120 identified strains. Men have more HPV infections than women; 11.5 % of men and 3.2 % of women get infected with HPV. Men who engage in oral intercourse with two or more partners had the highest prevalence of oral HPV infection; high-risk oral HPV is linked with factors including cigarette and marijuana usage. Because of concurrent genital HPV infection, women had three times higher oral HPV infection rate. As HPV DNA can transform normal breast cells into a unique and self-sustaining phenotype, conision is a definitive sign of HPV infection. Linked to HPV, cancer is a major worldwide burden; several types of cancers in humans are brought on by HPV infection. Cryotherapy for cervical intra epithelial neoplasia (CIN), photodynamic therapy (PDT), prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated PDT, HPV inactivation by antiviral medicine and salicylic acid, and medications against cancer and monoclonal antibodies comprise treatment and preventive techniques. Among the FDA-approved treatments for several malignancies include Bleomycin sulfates, gemcitabine and cisplatin, topotecan hydrochloride, bevacizumab, pembrolizumab, platinum and fluorouracil, and durvalumab. This paper offers a thorough review of HPV-related cervical cancer addressing issues including pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention, infection, epidemiology, global effect. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7c04d93d1ef048f08e16c7194bdb0dc5 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2590-0978 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Medicine in Microecology |
| spelling | doaj-art-7c04d93d1ef048f08e16c7194bdb0dc52025-08-20T03:07:12ZengElsevierMedicine in Microecology2590-09782025-09-012510013510.1016/j.medmic.2025.100135The subtle threat of human papilloma virus: A comprehensive overviewNisha Beniwal0Baljeet Singh Saharan1Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India; Indian Council Medical Research – Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR-RMRC), Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744103, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India; Department of Microbiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India; Corresponding author. Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136 119, India.Oncogenic viruses that flourish in people as well as animals can produce malignances. With almost more than 200 different forms, human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main oncogenic virus present in the reproductive tract. The most common form is HPV 16; large amounts of this type have been found in warty and basaloid vulvar cancer. Particularly HPV strains 6, 11, and 18, which are linked to vaginal cancer, women who participate in sexual activity have a higher risk of obtaining HPV. Comprising five species and a 7.9 kilobase genome, HPV consists in 120 identified strains. Men have more HPV infections than women; 11.5 % of men and 3.2 % of women get infected with HPV. Men who engage in oral intercourse with two or more partners had the highest prevalence of oral HPV infection; high-risk oral HPV is linked with factors including cigarette and marijuana usage. Because of concurrent genital HPV infection, women had three times higher oral HPV infection rate. As HPV DNA can transform normal breast cells into a unique and self-sustaining phenotype, conision is a definitive sign of HPV infection. Linked to HPV, cancer is a major worldwide burden; several types of cancers in humans are brought on by HPV infection. Cryotherapy for cervical intra epithelial neoplasia (CIN), photodynamic therapy (PDT), prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated PDT, HPV inactivation by antiviral medicine and salicylic acid, and medications against cancer and monoclonal antibodies comprise treatment and preventive techniques. Among the FDA-approved treatments for several malignancies include Bleomycin sulfates, gemcitabine and cisplatin, topotecan hydrochloride, bevacizumab, pembrolizumab, platinum and fluorouracil, and durvalumab. This paper offers a thorough review of HPV-related cervical cancer addressing issues including pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention, infection, epidemiology, global effect.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590097825000163Oncogenic virusesHuman papilloma virusHPV 16HPV 18Cervical cancer |
| spellingShingle | Nisha Beniwal Baljeet Singh Saharan The subtle threat of human papilloma virus: A comprehensive overview Medicine in Microecology Oncogenic viruses Human papilloma virus HPV 16 HPV 18 Cervical cancer |
| title | The subtle threat of human papilloma virus: A comprehensive overview |
| title_full | The subtle threat of human papilloma virus: A comprehensive overview |
| title_fullStr | The subtle threat of human papilloma virus: A comprehensive overview |
| title_full_unstemmed | The subtle threat of human papilloma virus: A comprehensive overview |
| title_short | The subtle threat of human papilloma virus: A comprehensive overview |
| title_sort | subtle threat of human papilloma virus a comprehensive overview |
| topic | Oncogenic viruses Human papilloma virus HPV 16 HPV 18 Cervical cancer |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590097825000163 |
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