Biocide susceptibilities and biofilm-forming capacities of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Malaysia

Introduction. Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen that has the capacity to develop resistance to all classes of antimicrobial compounds. However, very little is known regarding its susceptibility to biocides (antiseptics and disinfectants) and capacity to form biofilms, p...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Harith Nor A'shimi, Ahmed Ghazi Alattraqchi, Farahiyah Mohd Rani, Nor Iza A Rahman, Salwani Ismail, Fatimah Haslina Abdullah, Norlela Othman, David W Cleary, Stuart C Clarke, Chew Chieng Yeo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2019-07-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/11455
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author Muhammad Harith Nor A'shimi
Ahmed Ghazi Alattraqchi
Farahiyah Mohd Rani
Nor Iza A Rahman
Salwani Ismail
Fatimah Haslina Abdullah
Norlela Othman
David W Cleary
Stuart C Clarke
Chew Chieng Yeo
author_facet Muhammad Harith Nor A'shimi
Ahmed Ghazi Alattraqchi
Farahiyah Mohd Rani
Nor Iza A Rahman
Salwani Ismail
Fatimah Haslina Abdullah
Norlela Othman
David W Cleary
Stuart C Clarke
Chew Chieng Yeo
author_sort Muhammad Harith Nor A'shimi
collection DOAJ
description Introduction. Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen that has the capacity to develop resistance to all classes of antimicrobial compounds. However, very little is known regarding its susceptibility to biocides (antiseptics and disinfectants) and capacity to form biofilms, particularly for Malaysian isolates. Aim. To determine the susceptibility of A. baumannii isolates to commonly-used biocides, investigate their biofilm-forming capacities and the prevalence of biocide resistance and biofilm-associated genes. Methodology. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 100 A. baumannii hospital isolates from Terengganu, Malaysia, towards the biocides benzalkonium chloride (BZK), benzethonium chloride (BZT) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CLX), were determined by broth microdilution. The isolates were also examined for their ability to form biofilms in 96-well microplates. The prevalence of biocide resistance genes qacA, qacE and qacDE1 and the biofilm-associated genes bap and abaI were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. Majority of the A. baumannii isolates (43%) showed higher MIC values (> 50 µg/mL) for CLX than for BZK (5% for MIC > 50 µg/mL) and BZT (9% for MIC > 50 µg/mL). The qacDE1 gene was predominant (63%) followed by qacE (28%) whereas no isolate was found harbouring qacA. All isolates were positive for the bap and abaI genes although the biofilm-forming capacity varied among the isolates. Conclusion. The Terengganu A. baumannii isolates showed higher prevalence of qacDE1 compared to qacE although no correlation was found with the biocides’ MIC values. No correlation was also observed between the isolates’ biofilm-forming capacity and the MIC values for the biocides.
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publisher The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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spelling doaj-art-7bdfbad2906d4b7ab3f0b4f616285a792025-08-20T03:52:43ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802019-07-01130710.3855/jidc.11455Biocide susceptibilities and biofilm-forming capacities of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from MalaysiaMuhammad Harith Nor A'shimi0Ahmed Ghazi Alattraqchi1Farahiyah Mohd Rani2Nor Iza A Rahman3Salwani Ismail4Fatimah Haslina Abdullah5Norlela Othman6David W Cleary7Stuart C Clarke8Chew Chieng Yeo9Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaFaculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaFaculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaFaculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaFaculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaDepartment of Pathology, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaDepartment of Pathology, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaFaculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United KingdomFaculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United KingdomFaculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia Introduction. Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen that has the capacity to develop resistance to all classes of antimicrobial compounds. However, very little is known regarding its susceptibility to biocides (antiseptics and disinfectants) and capacity to form biofilms, particularly for Malaysian isolates. Aim. To determine the susceptibility of A. baumannii isolates to commonly-used biocides, investigate their biofilm-forming capacities and the prevalence of biocide resistance and biofilm-associated genes. Methodology. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 100 A. baumannii hospital isolates from Terengganu, Malaysia, towards the biocides benzalkonium chloride (BZK), benzethonium chloride (BZT) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CLX), were determined by broth microdilution. The isolates were also examined for their ability to form biofilms in 96-well microplates. The prevalence of biocide resistance genes qacA, qacE and qacDE1 and the biofilm-associated genes bap and abaI were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. Majority of the A. baumannii isolates (43%) showed higher MIC values (> 50 µg/mL) for CLX than for BZK (5% for MIC > 50 µg/mL) and BZT (9% for MIC > 50 µg/mL). The qacDE1 gene was predominant (63%) followed by qacE (28%) whereas no isolate was found harbouring qacA. All isolates were positive for the bap and abaI genes although the biofilm-forming capacity varied among the isolates. Conclusion. The Terengganu A. baumannii isolates showed higher prevalence of qacDE1 compared to qacE although no correlation was found with the biocides’ MIC values. No correlation was also observed between the isolates’ biofilm-forming capacity and the MIC values for the biocides. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/11455Acinetobacter baumanniibiocidesbiofilmchlorhexidine digluconatebenzalkonium chloridebenzethonium chloride
spellingShingle Muhammad Harith Nor A'shimi
Ahmed Ghazi Alattraqchi
Farahiyah Mohd Rani
Nor Iza A Rahman
Salwani Ismail
Fatimah Haslina Abdullah
Norlela Othman
David W Cleary
Stuart C Clarke
Chew Chieng Yeo
Biocide susceptibilities and biofilm-forming capacities of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Malaysia
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
Acinetobacter baumannii
biocides
biofilm
chlorhexidine digluconate
benzalkonium chloride
benzethonium chloride
title Biocide susceptibilities and biofilm-forming capacities of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Malaysia
title_full Biocide susceptibilities and biofilm-forming capacities of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Malaysia
title_fullStr Biocide susceptibilities and biofilm-forming capacities of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Biocide susceptibilities and biofilm-forming capacities of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Malaysia
title_short Biocide susceptibilities and biofilm-forming capacities of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Malaysia
title_sort biocide susceptibilities and biofilm forming capacities of acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from malaysia
topic Acinetobacter baumannii
biocides
biofilm
chlorhexidine digluconate
benzalkonium chloride
benzethonium chloride
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/11455
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