Clients’ satisfaction with the services of an outpatient pharmacy at a university hospital in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Pharmaceutical care includes the pharmacist’s responsibility to optimize medication therapy and improve patient outcomes. Hence, patient/client satisfaction is regarded as an important measure of the effectiveness of pharmaceutical services in achieving treatment objectives. This...

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Main Authors: Mercy Chisom Agu, Uzochukwu Emmanuel Chima, Oluebubechukwu Praise Eze, Stanley Ndubuisi Maduekwe, Victor Udochukwu Okafor, Ozioma Maryfrances Chibuoke, Chioma Bertha Nwankwo, Christabel Ogechukwu Okoye, Amauche Pearl Ngige, Desirée Chimdimma Chigbo, Maureen Ogochukwu Akunne
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-04-01
Series:Discover Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00595-6
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author Mercy Chisom Agu
Uzochukwu Emmanuel Chima
Oluebubechukwu Praise Eze
Stanley Ndubuisi Maduekwe
Victor Udochukwu Okafor
Ozioma Maryfrances Chibuoke
Chioma Bertha Nwankwo
Christabel Ogechukwu Okoye
Amauche Pearl Ngige
Desirée Chimdimma Chigbo
Maureen Ogochukwu Akunne
author_facet Mercy Chisom Agu
Uzochukwu Emmanuel Chima
Oluebubechukwu Praise Eze
Stanley Ndubuisi Maduekwe
Victor Udochukwu Okafor
Ozioma Maryfrances Chibuoke
Chioma Bertha Nwankwo
Christabel Ogechukwu Okoye
Amauche Pearl Ngige
Desirée Chimdimma Chigbo
Maureen Ogochukwu Akunne
author_sort Mercy Chisom Agu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Pharmaceutical care includes the pharmacist’s responsibility to optimize medication therapy and improve patient outcomes. Hence, patient/client satisfaction is regarded as an important measure of the effectiveness of pharmaceutical services in achieving treatment objectives. This study assessed the level of client satisfaction with the services of an outpatient pharmacy at a university hospital in Nigeria. Method An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted among clients who visited the University Medical Centre at the University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka campus, within the period of 15th September to 15th October 2023. A 2-section, 30-item, validated, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to describe all the study variables, while independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to determine the mean difference in satisfaction level among various sociodemographic characteristics. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results Out of the 166 participants in the study (response rate = 83%), the majority were students (n = 111, 66.9%) and receiving free medication (n = 117, 70.5%). The overall mean satisfaction score for pharmacy services was 3.11 out of a maximum score of 5.00. Notably, mean scores for most of the items exceeded 3.00, with the highest mean score obtained for the items “The privacy of my conversations with the pharmacist” (3.59) and “The fairness of the cost of medications in the pharmacy” (3.46), while the lowest scores were for the items “The way my pharmacist works together with my doctor to make sure my medications are the best for me” (2.50) and “The availability of medications that are prescribed to me in the pharmacy” (2.63). First-time visitors reported significantly higher levels of satisfaction than return visitors [3.77 (0.686) vs. 3.07 (0.637), p < 0.001]. Conclusion Clients of the outpatient pharmacy showed a moderate level of satisfaction with the pharmacy services offered to them. The reasons for this level of satisfaction lay a foundation for the improvement of pharmacy services in Nigeria's tertiary hospitals.
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spelling doaj-art-7bdaa45a821e497f964e7fd7621fca742025-08-20T03:14:05ZengSpringerDiscover Public Health3005-07742025-04-0122111010.1186/s12982-025-00595-6Clients’ satisfaction with the services of an outpatient pharmacy at a university hospital in Nigeria: a cross-sectional studyMercy Chisom Agu0Uzochukwu Emmanuel Chima1Oluebubechukwu Praise Eze2Stanley Ndubuisi Maduekwe3Victor Udochukwu Okafor4Ozioma Maryfrances Chibuoke5Chioma Bertha Nwankwo6Christabel Ogechukwu Okoye7Amauche Pearl Ngige8Desirée Chimdimma Chigbo9Maureen Ogochukwu Akunne10Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria NsukkaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria NsukkaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria NsukkaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria NsukkaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria NsukkaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria NsukkaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria NsukkaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria NsukkaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria NsukkaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria NsukkaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria NsukkaAbstract Background Pharmaceutical care includes the pharmacist’s responsibility to optimize medication therapy and improve patient outcomes. Hence, patient/client satisfaction is regarded as an important measure of the effectiveness of pharmaceutical services in achieving treatment objectives. This study assessed the level of client satisfaction with the services of an outpatient pharmacy at a university hospital in Nigeria. Method An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted among clients who visited the University Medical Centre at the University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka campus, within the period of 15th September to 15th October 2023. A 2-section, 30-item, validated, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to describe all the study variables, while independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to determine the mean difference in satisfaction level among various sociodemographic characteristics. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results Out of the 166 participants in the study (response rate = 83%), the majority were students (n = 111, 66.9%) and receiving free medication (n = 117, 70.5%). The overall mean satisfaction score for pharmacy services was 3.11 out of a maximum score of 5.00. Notably, mean scores for most of the items exceeded 3.00, with the highest mean score obtained for the items “The privacy of my conversations with the pharmacist” (3.59) and “The fairness of the cost of medications in the pharmacy” (3.46), while the lowest scores were for the items “The way my pharmacist works together with my doctor to make sure my medications are the best for me” (2.50) and “The availability of medications that are prescribed to me in the pharmacy” (2.63). First-time visitors reported significantly higher levels of satisfaction than return visitors [3.77 (0.686) vs. 3.07 (0.637), p < 0.001]. Conclusion Clients of the outpatient pharmacy showed a moderate level of satisfaction with the pharmacy services offered to them. The reasons for this level of satisfaction lay a foundation for the improvement of pharmacy services in Nigeria's tertiary hospitals.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00595-6Client satisfactionOutpatient pharmacyPharmacy servicesNigeria
spellingShingle Mercy Chisom Agu
Uzochukwu Emmanuel Chima
Oluebubechukwu Praise Eze
Stanley Ndubuisi Maduekwe
Victor Udochukwu Okafor
Ozioma Maryfrances Chibuoke
Chioma Bertha Nwankwo
Christabel Ogechukwu Okoye
Amauche Pearl Ngige
Desirée Chimdimma Chigbo
Maureen Ogochukwu Akunne
Clients’ satisfaction with the services of an outpatient pharmacy at a university hospital in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Discover Public Health
Client satisfaction
Outpatient pharmacy
Pharmacy services
Nigeria
title Clients’ satisfaction with the services of an outpatient pharmacy at a university hospital in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
title_full Clients’ satisfaction with the services of an outpatient pharmacy at a university hospital in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Clients’ satisfaction with the services of an outpatient pharmacy at a university hospital in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Clients’ satisfaction with the services of an outpatient pharmacy at a university hospital in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
title_short Clients’ satisfaction with the services of an outpatient pharmacy at a university hospital in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
title_sort clients satisfaction with the services of an outpatient pharmacy at a university hospital in nigeria a cross sectional study
topic Client satisfaction
Outpatient pharmacy
Pharmacy services
Nigeria
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00595-6
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