Indoor Black Carbon Concentrations and their Sources in Residential Environments: Validation of an Input-adaptive Proxy Model
Abstract Exposure to black carbon (BC) in the residential environment was found to be positively associated with elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. However, BC has been under-measured and under-studied compared to other common indoor gaseous and particulate pollutants. Representativ...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230228 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1823862821652267008 |
|---|---|
| author | Jiangyue Zhao Pak Lun Fung Martha Arbayani Zaidan Birgit Wehner Kay Weinhold Alfred Wiedensohler Tareq Hussein |
| author_facet | Jiangyue Zhao Pak Lun Fung Martha Arbayani Zaidan Birgit Wehner Kay Weinhold Alfred Wiedensohler Tareq Hussein |
| author_sort | Jiangyue Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Exposure to black carbon (BC) in the residential environment was found to be positively associated with elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. However, BC has been under-measured and under-studied compared to other common indoor gaseous and particulate pollutants. Representative indoor mass concentrations of equivalent black carbon (eBC) and the sources’ contribution from indoors and outdoors in real-life residential environments in 40 German households were evaluated and presented in this work. During the 500 measurement days, the mean indoor eBC mass concentration was 0.6 µg m−3, which is less than half of the outdoor concentration in the urban background in Germany. However, common indoor sources contributed differently to indoor eBC, which also resulted in higher mass concentrations in the cold season than in the warm season. Indoor pollutant measurements are often performed with only a limited number of instruments and pollutant data. To fill in the missing knowledge of indoor BC, a proxy model was developed. This proxy model can predict indoor eBC concentrations based on existing indoor databases or in cases where direct measurements of indoor eBC concentrations are not available. Due to the complex influence of climate and indoor activities, the model separated six scenarios for weather (including warm and cold seasons) and indoor activities (burning, non-burning, and other activities) for typical urban residential environments in Germany. In this study, indoor eBC mass concentrations were found to be best estimated by indoor and outdoor PM1. For different scenarios, the model achieved a satisfactory to good coefficient of determination (0.49 < R 2 < 0.77). With the aid of this model, a more accurate prediction of indoor eBC mass concentration and the resulting exposure and health risk assessment can be achieved for households under similar climatic conditions and activity habits of the occupants, e.g., in Central Europe. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7bd94028b6914df38281bea7641b0c85 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-7bd94028b6914df38281bea7641b0c852025-02-09T12:24:23ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092024-02-0124511410.4209/aaqr.230228Indoor Black Carbon Concentrations and their Sources in Residential Environments: Validation of an Input-adaptive Proxy ModelJiangyue Zhao0Pak Lun Fung1Martha Arbayani Zaidan2Birgit Wehner3Kay Weinhold4Alfred Wiedensohler5Tareq Hussein6Department for Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Fraunhofer WKIInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR/Physics), Faculty of Science, University of HelsinkiInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR/Physics), Faculty of Science, University of HelsinkiLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR/Physics), Faculty of Science, University of HelsinkiAbstract Exposure to black carbon (BC) in the residential environment was found to be positively associated with elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. However, BC has been under-measured and under-studied compared to other common indoor gaseous and particulate pollutants. Representative indoor mass concentrations of equivalent black carbon (eBC) and the sources’ contribution from indoors and outdoors in real-life residential environments in 40 German households were evaluated and presented in this work. During the 500 measurement days, the mean indoor eBC mass concentration was 0.6 µg m−3, which is less than half of the outdoor concentration in the urban background in Germany. However, common indoor sources contributed differently to indoor eBC, which also resulted in higher mass concentrations in the cold season than in the warm season. Indoor pollutant measurements are often performed with only a limited number of instruments and pollutant data. To fill in the missing knowledge of indoor BC, a proxy model was developed. This proxy model can predict indoor eBC concentrations based on existing indoor databases or in cases where direct measurements of indoor eBC concentrations are not available. Due to the complex influence of climate and indoor activities, the model separated six scenarios for weather (including warm and cold seasons) and indoor activities (burning, non-burning, and other activities) for typical urban residential environments in Germany. In this study, indoor eBC mass concentrations were found to be best estimated by indoor and outdoor PM1. For different scenarios, the model achieved a satisfactory to good coefficient of determination (0.49 < R 2 < 0.77). With the aid of this model, a more accurate prediction of indoor eBC mass concentration and the resulting exposure and health risk assessment can be achieved for households under similar climatic conditions and activity habits of the occupants, e.g., in Central Europe.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230228Equivalent black carbon measurementIndoor combustion sourceSeasonal variationParticle number and mass concentrationsWhite-box model |
| spellingShingle | Jiangyue Zhao Pak Lun Fung Martha Arbayani Zaidan Birgit Wehner Kay Weinhold Alfred Wiedensohler Tareq Hussein Indoor Black Carbon Concentrations and their Sources in Residential Environments: Validation of an Input-adaptive Proxy Model Aerosol and Air Quality Research Equivalent black carbon measurement Indoor combustion source Seasonal variation Particle number and mass concentrations White-box model |
| title | Indoor Black Carbon Concentrations and their Sources in Residential Environments: Validation of an Input-adaptive Proxy Model |
| title_full | Indoor Black Carbon Concentrations and their Sources in Residential Environments: Validation of an Input-adaptive Proxy Model |
| title_fullStr | Indoor Black Carbon Concentrations and their Sources in Residential Environments: Validation of an Input-adaptive Proxy Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Indoor Black Carbon Concentrations and their Sources in Residential Environments: Validation of an Input-adaptive Proxy Model |
| title_short | Indoor Black Carbon Concentrations and their Sources in Residential Environments: Validation of an Input-adaptive Proxy Model |
| title_sort | indoor black carbon concentrations and their sources in residential environments validation of an input adaptive proxy model |
| topic | Equivalent black carbon measurement Indoor combustion source Seasonal variation Particle number and mass concentrations White-box model |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230228 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jiangyuezhao indoorblackcarbonconcentrationsandtheirsourcesinresidentialenvironmentsvalidationofaninputadaptiveproxymodel AT paklunfung indoorblackcarbonconcentrationsandtheirsourcesinresidentialenvironmentsvalidationofaninputadaptiveproxymodel AT marthaarbayanizaidan indoorblackcarbonconcentrationsandtheirsourcesinresidentialenvironmentsvalidationofaninputadaptiveproxymodel AT birgitwehner indoorblackcarbonconcentrationsandtheirsourcesinresidentialenvironmentsvalidationofaninputadaptiveproxymodel AT kayweinhold indoorblackcarbonconcentrationsandtheirsourcesinresidentialenvironmentsvalidationofaninputadaptiveproxymodel AT alfredwiedensohler indoorblackcarbonconcentrationsandtheirsourcesinresidentialenvironmentsvalidationofaninputadaptiveproxymodel AT tareqhussein indoorblackcarbonconcentrationsandtheirsourcesinresidentialenvironmentsvalidationofaninputadaptiveproxymodel |