Proposal of a radiation-free screening protocol for early detection of interstitial lung involvement in seropositive and ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract Background Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with significant cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity. However, screening for early detection of pulmonary involvement especially interstitial lung disease (ILD) is not established in RA. Methods We propose a non-invasive rad...

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Main Authors: Frank Reichenberger, Florian Popp, Martin Hoffmann, Carina Fischinger, Werner von Wulffen, Nikolaus Kneidinger, Martin Welcker
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Pulmonary Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-03405-y
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author Frank Reichenberger
Florian Popp
Martin Hoffmann
Carina Fischinger
Werner von Wulffen
Nikolaus Kneidinger
Martin Welcker
author_facet Frank Reichenberger
Florian Popp
Martin Hoffmann
Carina Fischinger
Werner von Wulffen
Nikolaus Kneidinger
Martin Welcker
author_sort Frank Reichenberger
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with significant cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity. However, screening for early detection of pulmonary involvement especially interstitial lung disease (ILD) is not established in RA. Methods We propose a non-invasive radiation-free approach to screen for interstitial lung involvement (ILI) by means of pulmonary function tests (PFT) and pleuro-pulmonary transthoracic ultrasound (LUS) with additional cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) with ECG, and echocardiography. We included patients with confirmed diagnosis of seropositive RA according to ACR criteria, but without symptoms for or known cardiopulmonary disease. ILD was suspected when significant LUS abnormalities and additional PFT changes were present. Results We included 67 consecutive patients (78% female, mean age 61 ± 12 years, 48% active or previous smokers), who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and gave written informed consent. We found 48% of patients with suspected changes in PFT with a diffusion capacity (DLCOc-SB) ≤ 80%, among them 7% with forced vital capacity (FVC) ≤ 80%. In 40% of patients, we found noticeable changes in LUS, 24% with an ILD compatible pattern. In 16% of cases, LUS abnormalities and additional PFT changes were present, and ILI was suspected. Additional findings included obstructive lung disease (n = 11), subpleural consolidation (n = 6) including one confirmed lung cancer, minimal pleural effusion (n = 6), and ischemic cardiac disease (n = 2). None of the patients showed signs of pulmonary vascular involvement. Conclusions ILI was suspected in 16% of cases using a new radiation-free screening protocol in asymptomatic RA patients. Trial registration German Register of Clinical Studies (DRKS00028871).
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spelling doaj-art-7bcba1f6bd5348c99b59b7134bb5a3822025-08-20T02:22:32ZengBMCBMC Pulmonary Medicine1471-24662024-11-012411810.1186/s12890-024-03405-yProposal of a radiation-free screening protocol for early detection of interstitial lung involvement in seropositive and ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritisFrank Reichenberger0Florian Popp1Martin Hoffmann2Carina Fischinger3Werner von Wulffen4Nikolaus Kneidinger5Martin Welcker6Department of Pneumology, Augustinum Hospital MunichMVZ for Rheumatology Dr. M. WelckerDepartment of Pneumology, Augustinum Hospital MunichDepartment of Medicine V, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LMU University Hospital, LMU MunichDepartment of Pneumology, Augustinum Hospital MunichDepartment of Medicine V, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LMU University Hospital, LMU MunichMVZ for Rheumatology Dr. M. WelckerAbstract Background Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with significant cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity. However, screening for early detection of pulmonary involvement especially interstitial lung disease (ILD) is not established in RA. Methods We propose a non-invasive radiation-free approach to screen for interstitial lung involvement (ILI) by means of pulmonary function tests (PFT) and pleuro-pulmonary transthoracic ultrasound (LUS) with additional cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) with ECG, and echocardiography. We included patients with confirmed diagnosis of seropositive RA according to ACR criteria, but without symptoms for or known cardiopulmonary disease. ILD was suspected when significant LUS abnormalities and additional PFT changes were present. Results We included 67 consecutive patients (78% female, mean age 61 ± 12 years, 48% active or previous smokers), who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and gave written informed consent. We found 48% of patients with suspected changes in PFT with a diffusion capacity (DLCOc-SB) ≤ 80%, among them 7% with forced vital capacity (FVC) ≤ 80%. In 40% of patients, we found noticeable changes in LUS, 24% with an ILD compatible pattern. In 16% of cases, LUS abnormalities and additional PFT changes were present, and ILI was suspected. Additional findings included obstructive lung disease (n = 11), subpleural consolidation (n = 6) including one confirmed lung cancer, minimal pleural effusion (n = 6), and ischemic cardiac disease (n = 2). None of the patients showed signs of pulmonary vascular involvement. Conclusions ILI was suspected in 16% of cases using a new radiation-free screening protocol in asymptomatic RA patients. Trial registration German Register of Clinical Studies (DRKS00028871).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-03405-yInterstitial lung diseaseSeropositive rheumatoid arthritisNon-invasivePulmonary function testLung ultrasoundPFT
spellingShingle Frank Reichenberger
Florian Popp
Martin Hoffmann
Carina Fischinger
Werner von Wulffen
Nikolaus Kneidinger
Martin Welcker
Proposal of a radiation-free screening protocol for early detection of interstitial lung involvement in seropositive and ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis
BMC Pulmonary Medicine
Interstitial lung disease
Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis
Non-invasive
Pulmonary function test
Lung ultrasound
PFT
title Proposal of a radiation-free screening protocol for early detection of interstitial lung involvement in seropositive and ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis
title_full Proposal of a radiation-free screening protocol for early detection of interstitial lung involvement in seropositive and ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis
title_fullStr Proposal of a radiation-free screening protocol for early detection of interstitial lung involvement in seropositive and ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis
title_full_unstemmed Proposal of a radiation-free screening protocol for early detection of interstitial lung involvement in seropositive and ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis
title_short Proposal of a radiation-free screening protocol for early detection of interstitial lung involvement in seropositive and ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis
title_sort proposal of a radiation free screening protocol for early detection of interstitial lung involvement in seropositive and acpa positive rheumatoid arthritis
topic Interstitial lung disease
Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis
Non-invasive
Pulmonary function test
Lung ultrasound
PFT
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-03405-y
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