Neuropharmacological Assessment of Sulfonamide Derivatives of Para-Aminobenzoic Acid through In Vivo and In Silico Approaches

Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a complex neurogenerative disorder, manifests as dementia and concomitant neuropsychiatric symptoms, including apathy, depression, and circadian disruption. The pathology involves a profound degeneration of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, leading...

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Main Authors: Ankit Ganeshpurkar, Ravi Singh, Pratigya Tripathi, Qadir Alam, Sairam Krishnamurthy, Ashok Kumar, Sushil Kumar Singh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Drugs and Drug Candidates
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2998/3/4/38
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author Ankit Ganeshpurkar
Ravi Singh
Pratigya Tripathi
Qadir Alam
Sairam Krishnamurthy
Ashok Kumar
Sushil Kumar Singh
author_facet Ankit Ganeshpurkar
Ravi Singh
Pratigya Tripathi
Qadir Alam
Sairam Krishnamurthy
Ashok Kumar
Sushil Kumar Singh
author_sort Ankit Ganeshpurkar
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a complex neurogenerative disorder, manifests as dementia and concomitant neuropsychiatric symptoms, including apathy, depression, and circadian disruption. The pathology involves a profound degeneration of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, leading to the impairment of both short-term and long-term memory. The cholinergic hypothesis is among the various theories proposed, that assume the loss of the cholinergic tract contributes to the onset of AD and proves clinically effective in managing mild to moderate stages of the disease. This study explores the potential therapeutic efficacy of sulfonamide-based butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors in mitigating scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Methods: Behavioral assessments utilizing Y-maze, Barnes maze, and neurochemical assays were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the test compounds. Results: Results demonstrated a significant reduction in the impact of scopolamine administration on behavioral tasks at a dose of 20 mg/kg for both compounds. Correspondingly, neurochemical assays corroborated these findings. In silico docking analysis on rat butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was performed to elucidate the binding mode of the compounds. Subsequent molecular dynamics studies unveiled the formation of stable complexes between the test compounds and rat BChE. Conclusions: These findings contribute valuable insights into the potential therapeutic role of sulfonamide-based butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors in addressing memory deficits associated with AD, emphasizing their in silico molecular interactions and stability.
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spelling doaj-art-7bc81f5bd3c54439b9caa68981a8aa382025-08-20T02:53:25ZengMDPI AGDrugs and Drug Candidates2813-29982024-10-013467469310.3390/ddc3040038Neuropharmacological Assessment of Sulfonamide Derivatives of Para-Aminobenzoic Acid through In Vivo and In Silico ApproachesAnkit Ganeshpurkar0Ravi Singh1Pratigya Tripathi2Qadir Alam3Sairam Krishnamurthy4Ashok Kumar5Sushil Kumar Singh6Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaPharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaNeurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaNeurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaNeurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaPharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaPharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory I, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, IndiaBackground/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a complex neurogenerative disorder, manifests as dementia and concomitant neuropsychiatric symptoms, including apathy, depression, and circadian disruption. The pathology involves a profound degeneration of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, leading to the impairment of both short-term and long-term memory. The cholinergic hypothesis is among the various theories proposed, that assume the loss of the cholinergic tract contributes to the onset of AD and proves clinically effective in managing mild to moderate stages of the disease. This study explores the potential therapeutic efficacy of sulfonamide-based butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors in mitigating scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Methods: Behavioral assessments utilizing Y-maze, Barnes maze, and neurochemical assays were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the test compounds. Results: Results demonstrated a significant reduction in the impact of scopolamine administration on behavioral tasks at a dose of 20 mg/kg for both compounds. Correspondingly, neurochemical assays corroborated these findings. In silico docking analysis on rat butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was performed to elucidate the binding mode of the compounds. Subsequent molecular dynamics studies unveiled the formation of stable complexes between the test compounds and rat BChE. Conclusions: These findings contribute valuable insights into the potential therapeutic role of sulfonamide-based butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors in addressing memory deficits associated with AD, emphasizing their in silico molecular interactions and stability.https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2998/3/4/38sulfonamidebutyrylcholinesterase inhibitorBarnes mazedocking
spellingShingle Ankit Ganeshpurkar
Ravi Singh
Pratigya Tripathi
Qadir Alam
Sairam Krishnamurthy
Ashok Kumar
Sushil Kumar Singh
Neuropharmacological Assessment of Sulfonamide Derivatives of Para-Aminobenzoic Acid through In Vivo and In Silico Approaches
Drugs and Drug Candidates
sulfonamide
butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor
Barnes maze
docking
title Neuropharmacological Assessment of Sulfonamide Derivatives of Para-Aminobenzoic Acid through In Vivo and In Silico Approaches
title_full Neuropharmacological Assessment of Sulfonamide Derivatives of Para-Aminobenzoic Acid through In Vivo and In Silico Approaches
title_fullStr Neuropharmacological Assessment of Sulfonamide Derivatives of Para-Aminobenzoic Acid through In Vivo and In Silico Approaches
title_full_unstemmed Neuropharmacological Assessment of Sulfonamide Derivatives of Para-Aminobenzoic Acid through In Vivo and In Silico Approaches
title_short Neuropharmacological Assessment of Sulfonamide Derivatives of Para-Aminobenzoic Acid through In Vivo and In Silico Approaches
title_sort neuropharmacological assessment of sulfonamide derivatives of para aminobenzoic acid through in vivo and in silico approaches
topic sulfonamide
butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor
Barnes maze
docking
url https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2998/3/4/38
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