The Effect of a Pre-Mix of Essential Organic Minerals on Growth, Antioxidant Indices, and the Diarrhea Incidence in Dairy Calves Breed in Arid Climates
This study evaluated the effects of organic trace mineral supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant indices, mineral status, and diarrhea incidence in dairy calves raised in arid climates. Twenty-five male Holstein calves were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments for 21 days, as fol...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | M. S. Mortazavi M. Hajmohammadi Giovanni Buonaiuto Riccardo Colleluori Martina Lamanna Damiano Cavallini R. Valizadeh S. H. Ebrahimi C. A. F. Oliveira |
| author_facet | M. S. Mortazavi M. Hajmohammadi Giovanni Buonaiuto Riccardo Colleluori Martina Lamanna Damiano Cavallini R. Valizadeh S. H. Ebrahimi C. A. F. Oliveira |
| author_sort | M. S. Mortazavi |
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| description | This study evaluated the effects of organic trace mineral supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant indices, mineral status, and diarrhea incidence in dairy calves raised in arid climates. Twenty-five male Holstein calves were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments for 21 days, as follows: (1) control group (no organic mineral supplementation), (2) copper-methionine (Cu-Met) supplemented diet, (3) zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) supplemented diet, (4) manganese-methionine (Mn-Met) supplemented diet, and (5) Zn-Met + Cu-Met + and Mn-Met in a premix supplemented diet. Mineral supplementation had no effect on final body weight or average daily gain. However, the concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Mn significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in blood and feces of treated animals. The highest blood concentrations of Zn and Mn were observed in calves receiving Zn-Met, while Mn-Met supplementation significantly influenced blood Cu levels. The highest Zn excretion was recorded in calves receiving the organic mineral premix, whereas the highest Mn and Cu excretion was observed in the Cu-Met group. Additionally, mineral supplementation enhanced total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity in plasma samples (<i>p</i> < 0.01). These findings suggest that organic mineral supplementation could be an effective strategy to improve mineral bioavailability and support the health of dairy calves during early life in arid climates. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7bc351171ea44e25baa3f87e7b0a00b6 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-933X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Ruminants |
| spelling | doaj-art-7bc351171ea44e25baa3f87e7b0a00b62025-08-20T02:21:53ZengMDPI AGRuminants2673-933X2025-05-01522210.3390/ruminants5020022The Effect of a Pre-Mix of Essential Organic Minerals on Growth, Antioxidant Indices, and the Diarrhea Incidence in Dairy Calves Breed in Arid ClimatesM. S. Mortazavi0M. Hajmohammadi1Giovanni Buonaiuto2Riccardo Colleluori3Martina Lamanna4Damiano Cavallini5R. Valizadeh6S. H. Ebrahimi7C. A. F. Oliveira8Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91735, IranDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91735, IranDepartment of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, 47181 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, 47181 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, 47181 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, 47181 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91735, IranDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91735, IranDepartamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, BrazilThis study evaluated the effects of organic trace mineral supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant indices, mineral status, and diarrhea incidence in dairy calves raised in arid climates. Twenty-five male Holstein calves were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments for 21 days, as follows: (1) control group (no organic mineral supplementation), (2) copper-methionine (Cu-Met) supplemented diet, (3) zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) supplemented diet, (4) manganese-methionine (Mn-Met) supplemented diet, and (5) Zn-Met + Cu-Met + and Mn-Met in a premix supplemented diet. Mineral supplementation had no effect on final body weight or average daily gain. However, the concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Mn significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in blood and feces of treated animals. The highest blood concentrations of Zn and Mn were observed in calves receiving Zn-Met, while Mn-Met supplementation significantly influenced blood Cu levels. The highest Zn excretion was recorded in calves receiving the organic mineral premix, whereas the highest Mn and Cu excretion was observed in the Cu-Met group. Additionally, mineral supplementation enhanced total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity in plasma samples (<i>p</i> < 0.01). These findings suggest that organic mineral supplementation could be an effective strategy to improve mineral bioavailability and support the health of dairy calves during early life in arid climates.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-933X/5/2/22antioxidant indicesbioavailabilityholstein calvestrace mineral |
| spellingShingle | M. S. Mortazavi M. Hajmohammadi Giovanni Buonaiuto Riccardo Colleluori Martina Lamanna Damiano Cavallini R. Valizadeh S. H. Ebrahimi C. A. F. Oliveira The Effect of a Pre-Mix of Essential Organic Minerals on Growth, Antioxidant Indices, and the Diarrhea Incidence in Dairy Calves Breed in Arid Climates Ruminants antioxidant indices bioavailability holstein calves trace mineral |
| title | The Effect of a Pre-Mix of Essential Organic Minerals on Growth, Antioxidant Indices, and the Diarrhea Incidence in Dairy Calves Breed in Arid Climates |
| title_full | The Effect of a Pre-Mix of Essential Organic Minerals on Growth, Antioxidant Indices, and the Diarrhea Incidence in Dairy Calves Breed in Arid Climates |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of a Pre-Mix of Essential Organic Minerals on Growth, Antioxidant Indices, and the Diarrhea Incidence in Dairy Calves Breed in Arid Climates |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of a Pre-Mix of Essential Organic Minerals on Growth, Antioxidant Indices, and the Diarrhea Incidence in Dairy Calves Breed in Arid Climates |
| title_short | The Effect of a Pre-Mix of Essential Organic Minerals on Growth, Antioxidant Indices, and the Diarrhea Incidence in Dairy Calves Breed in Arid Climates |
| title_sort | effect of a pre mix of essential organic minerals on growth antioxidant indices and the diarrhea incidence in dairy calves breed in arid climates |
| topic | antioxidant indices bioavailability holstein calves trace mineral |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-933X/5/2/22 |
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