Synergism effect of silver nanoparticles and cefotaxime to treat biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates
Background. Staphylococcus aureus, is a major pathogen causing infections in both hospital and community settings. Multi-drug-resistant strains, particularly Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), complicate treatment, as these strains can evade antibiotics. Biofilm formation by S. aure...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Біологічні студії |
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| Online Access: | http://publications.lnu.edu.ua/journals/index.php/biology/article/view/6041 |
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| author | Safiya Saad Dhaif Dhuha Badr Mahmood Ghufran Salman Jawad Lujain Ali Ghannawi Haidar Fadhil Al-Rubaye |
| author_facet | Safiya Saad Dhaif Dhuha Badr Mahmood Ghufran Salman Jawad Lujain Ali Ghannawi Haidar Fadhil Al-Rubaye |
| author_sort | Safiya Saad Dhaif |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Staphylococcus aureus, is a major pathogen causing infections in both hospital and community settings. Multi-drug-resistant strains, particularly Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), complicate treatment, as these strains can evade antibiotics. Biofilm formation by S. aureus protects bacterial cells from immune responses and antibiotics, making infections difficult to treat. This study evaluates the synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and cefotaxime in inhibiting biofilm formation by clinical S. aureus isolates, especially multi-drug-resistant strains.
Materials and Methods. Thirty clinical S. aureus isolates were obtained from patients with skin infections. Identification was confirmed using biochemical tests and the VITEK2 system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method on antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, imipenem, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were also determined. Biofilm formation was quantified using crystal violet staining. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using sodium borohydride and characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM).
Results. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and imipenem. Ninety percent were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, while 70% were susceptible to cefotaxime. All isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol. Biofilm formation assays showed variability in biofilm production. AgNPs alone demonstrated superior efficacy in inhibiting biofilm formation. The combination of AgNPs and cefotaxime exhibited the strongest inhibition, suggesting a synergistic effect.
Conclusion. This study suggests that AgNPs alone are more effective than cefotaxime in inhibiting biofilm formation. The combination of AgNPs and cefotaxime showed the most potent effect, providing a promising strategy for treating multi-drug-resistant S. aureus infections. AgNPs may serve as an adjunct to antibiotics in overcoming biofilm-associated infections. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7bbbe5dfbf61456ebdc4e5e40d1fd9dc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-4536 2311-0783 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Біологічні студії |
| spelling | doaj-art-7bbbe5dfbf61456ebdc4e5e40d1fd9dc2025-08-20T03:25:31ZengЛьвівський національний університет імені Івана ФранкаБіологічні студії1996-45362311-07832025-06-01192779010.30970/sbi.1902.833Synergism effect of silver nanoparticles and cefotaxime to treat biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolatesSafiya Saad Dhaif0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-3214Dhuha Badr Mahmood1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9113-145XGhufran Salman Jawad2https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7578-9276Lujain Ali Ghannawi3https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1067-6550Haidar Fadhil Al-Rubaye4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3912-8103National Diabetes Center, Mustansiriyah UniversityNational Diabetes Center, Mustansiriyah UniversityNational Diabetes Center, Mustansiriyah UniversityNational Diabetes Center, Mustansiriyah UniversityNational Diabetes Center, Mustansiriyah UniversityBackground. Staphylococcus aureus, is a major pathogen causing infections in both hospital and community settings. Multi-drug-resistant strains, particularly Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), complicate treatment, as these strains can evade antibiotics. Biofilm formation by S. aureus protects bacterial cells from immune responses and antibiotics, making infections difficult to treat. This study evaluates the synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and cefotaxime in inhibiting biofilm formation by clinical S. aureus isolates, especially multi-drug-resistant strains. Materials and Methods. Thirty clinical S. aureus isolates were obtained from patients with skin infections. Identification was confirmed using biochemical tests and the VITEK2 system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method on antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, imipenem, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were also determined. Biofilm formation was quantified using crystal violet staining. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using sodium borohydride and characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Results. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and imipenem. Ninety percent were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, while 70% were susceptible to cefotaxime. All isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol. Biofilm formation assays showed variability in biofilm production. AgNPs alone demonstrated superior efficacy in inhibiting biofilm formation. The combination of AgNPs and cefotaxime exhibited the strongest inhibition, suggesting a synergistic effect. Conclusion. This study suggests that AgNPs alone are more effective than cefotaxime in inhibiting biofilm formation. The combination of AgNPs and cefotaxime showed the most potent effect, providing a promising strategy for treating multi-drug-resistant S. aureus infections. AgNPs may serve as an adjunct to antibiotics in overcoming biofilm-associated infections.http://publications.lnu.edu.ua/journals/index.php/biology/article/view/6041staphylococcus aureusbiofilmsilver nanoparticles (agnps)cefotaxime |
| spellingShingle | Safiya Saad Dhaif Dhuha Badr Mahmood Ghufran Salman Jawad Lujain Ali Ghannawi Haidar Fadhil Al-Rubaye Synergism effect of silver nanoparticles and cefotaxime to treat biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates Біологічні студії staphylococcus aureus biofilm silver nanoparticles (agnps) cefotaxime |
| title | Synergism effect of silver nanoparticles and cefotaxime to treat biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates |
| title_full | Synergism effect of silver nanoparticles and cefotaxime to treat biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates |
| title_fullStr | Synergism effect of silver nanoparticles and cefotaxime to treat biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergism effect of silver nanoparticles and cefotaxime to treat biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates |
| title_short | Synergism effect of silver nanoparticles and cefotaxime to treat biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates |
| title_sort | synergism effect of silver nanoparticles and cefotaxime to treat biofilm formation of staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates |
| topic | staphylococcus aureus biofilm silver nanoparticles (agnps) cefotaxime |
| url | http://publications.lnu.edu.ua/journals/index.php/biology/article/view/6041 |
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