Hydrogen Refueling Stations: A Review of the Technology Involved from Key Energy Consumption Processes to Related Energy Management Strategies

Over the last few years, hydrogen has emerged as a promising solution for problems related to energy sources and pollution concerns. The integration of hydrogen in the transport sector is one of the possible various applications and involves the implementation of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs)....

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Main Authors: Rafael Pereira, Vitor Monteiro, Joao L. Afonso, Joni Teixeira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/19/4906
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author Rafael Pereira
Vitor Monteiro
Joao L. Afonso
Joni Teixeira
author_facet Rafael Pereira
Vitor Monteiro
Joao L. Afonso
Joni Teixeira
author_sort Rafael Pereira
collection DOAJ
description Over the last few years, hydrogen has emerged as a promising solution for problems related to energy sources and pollution concerns. The integration of hydrogen in the transport sector is one of the possible various applications and involves the implementation of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs). A key obstacle for HRS deployment, in addition to the need for well-developed technologies, is the economic factor since these infrastructures require high capital investments costs and are largely dependent on annual operating costs. In this study, we review hydrogen’s application as a fuel, summarizing the principal systems involved in HRS, from production to the final refueling stage. In addition, we also analyze the main equipment involved in the production, compression and storage processes of hydrogen. The current work also highlights the main refueling processes that impact energy consumption and the methodologies presented in the literature for energy management strategies in HRSs. With the aim of reducing energy costs due to processes that require high energy consumption, most energy management strategies are based on the use of renewable energy sources, in addition to the use of the power grid.
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id doaj-art-7bb6948dfd984a3ba988a1e4f315895d
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spelling doaj-art-7bb6948dfd984a3ba988a1e4f315895d2025-08-20T02:16:50ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732024-09-011719490610.3390/en17194906Hydrogen Refueling Stations: A Review of the Technology Involved from Key Energy Consumption Processes to Related Energy Management StrategiesRafael Pereira0Vitor Monteiro1Joao L. Afonso2Joni Teixeira3Centro ALGORITMI/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalCentro ALGORITMI/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalCentro ALGORITMI/LASI, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalPetrotec, 4805-661 Guimarães, PortugalOver the last few years, hydrogen has emerged as a promising solution for problems related to energy sources and pollution concerns. The integration of hydrogen in the transport sector is one of the possible various applications and involves the implementation of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs). A key obstacle for HRS deployment, in addition to the need for well-developed technologies, is the economic factor since these infrastructures require high capital investments costs and are largely dependent on annual operating costs. In this study, we review hydrogen’s application as a fuel, summarizing the principal systems involved in HRS, from production to the final refueling stage. In addition, we also analyze the main equipment involved in the production, compression and storage processes of hydrogen. The current work also highlights the main refueling processes that impact energy consumption and the methodologies presented in the literature for energy management strategies in HRSs. With the aim of reducing energy costs due to processes that require high energy consumption, most energy management strategies are based on the use of renewable energy sources, in addition to the use of the power grid.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/19/4906hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs)hydrogen productionhydrogen compressionhydrogen storageenergy consumptionenergy management strategies
spellingShingle Rafael Pereira
Vitor Monteiro
Joao L. Afonso
Joni Teixeira
Hydrogen Refueling Stations: A Review of the Technology Involved from Key Energy Consumption Processes to Related Energy Management Strategies
Energies
hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs)
hydrogen production
hydrogen compression
hydrogen storage
energy consumption
energy management strategies
title Hydrogen Refueling Stations: A Review of the Technology Involved from Key Energy Consumption Processes to Related Energy Management Strategies
title_full Hydrogen Refueling Stations: A Review of the Technology Involved from Key Energy Consumption Processes to Related Energy Management Strategies
title_fullStr Hydrogen Refueling Stations: A Review of the Technology Involved from Key Energy Consumption Processes to Related Energy Management Strategies
title_full_unstemmed Hydrogen Refueling Stations: A Review of the Technology Involved from Key Energy Consumption Processes to Related Energy Management Strategies
title_short Hydrogen Refueling Stations: A Review of the Technology Involved from Key Energy Consumption Processes to Related Energy Management Strategies
title_sort hydrogen refueling stations a review of the technology involved from key energy consumption processes to related energy management strategies
topic hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs)
hydrogen production
hydrogen compression
hydrogen storage
energy consumption
energy management strategies
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/19/4906
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AT vitormonteiro hydrogenrefuelingstationsareviewofthetechnologyinvolvedfromkeyenergyconsumptionprocessestorelatedenergymanagementstrategies
AT joaolafonso hydrogenrefuelingstationsareviewofthetechnologyinvolvedfromkeyenergyconsumptionprocessestorelatedenergymanagementstrategies
AT joniteixeira hydrogenrefuelingstationsareviewofthetechnologyinvolvedfromkeyenergyconsumptionprocessestorelatedenergymanagementstrategies