Deformation Control of Shield Tunnels Affected by Staged Foundation Pit Excavation: Analytical Method and Case Study

The unloading effect induced by foundation pit excavation leads to soil deformation, which may adversely affect the underlying tunnel. Foundation pit excavation is a three-dimensional (3D) deformation process, whereas most existing methods are based on a two-dimensional (2D) plane assumption. To imp...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gang Wei, Yebo Zhou, Zhe Wang, Qiankan Wang, Chenyang Lu, Guohui Feng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/2046
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850156959485919232
author Gang Wei
Yebo Zhou
Zhe Wang
Qiankan Wang
Chenyang Lu
Guohui Feng
author_facet Gang Wei
Yebo Zhou
Zhe Wang
Qiankan Wang
Chenyang Lu
Guohui Feng
author_sort Gang Wei
collection DOAJ
description The unloading effect induced by foundation pit excavation leads to soil deformation, which may adversely affect the underlying tunnel. Foundation pit excavation is a three-dimensional (3D) deformation process, whereas most existing methods are based on a two-dimensional (2D) plane assumption. To improve conventional 2D analysis methods, this study considers the influence of the actual construction sequence on tunnel deformation. A 3D analytical method for evaluating tunnel deformation and stress induced by foundation pit excavation is proposed, based on the image source method and the rotational dislocation-coordinated deformation model. The proposed method is validated through comparative analysis with other methods using monitoring data from three engineering cases. Furthermore, the study examines and discusses the impact of excavation sequences on the final longitudinal displacement of the tunnel. The results indicate that the proposed method provides more accurate predictions of tunnel deformation induced by foundation pit excavation in actual projects. Staged and segmented excavation reduces bottom heave of the foundation pit, thereby mitigating its impact on the underlying tunnel. When the segmentation efficiency is positive, increasing the number of excavation blocks contributes to better tunnel deformation control. However, when the segmentation efficiency is negative, an increase in excavation blocks has an insignificant effect on deformation control or leads to excessive construction workload.
format Article
id doaj-art-7bb17f0278d84249b8dcf4d5545f3a00
institution OA Journals
issn 2075-5309
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Buildings
spelling doaj-art-7bb17f0278d84249b8dcf4d5545f3a002025-08-20T02:24:19ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-06-011512204610.3390/buildings15122046Deformation Control of Shield Tunnels Affected by Staged Foundation Pit Excavation: Analytical Method and Case StudyGang Wei0Yebo Zhou1Zhe Wang2Qiankan Wang3Chenyang Lu4Guohui Feng5Department of Civil Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, ChinaInstitute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaInstitute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaZhejiang Province Institute of Architectural Design and Research, Hangzhou 310008, ChinaInstitute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, ChinaThe unloading effect induced by foundation pit excavation leads to soil deformation, which may adversely affect the underlying tunnel. Foundation pit excavation is a three-dimensional (3D) deformation process, whereas most existing methods are based on a two-dimensional (2D) plane assumption. To improve conventional 2D analysis methods, this study considers the influence of the actual construction sequence on tunnel deformation. A 3D analytical method for evaluating tunnel deformation and stress induced by foundation pit excavation is proposed, based on the image source method and the rotational dislocation-coordinated deformation model. The proposed method is validated through comparative analysis with other methods using monitoring data from three engineering cases. Furthermore, the study examines and discusses the impact of excavation sequences on the final longitudinal displacement of the tunnel. The results indicate that the proposed method provides more accurate predictions of tunnel deformation induced by foundation pit excavation in actual projects. Staged and segmented excavation reduces bottom heave of the foundation pit, thereby mitigating its impact on the underlying tunnel. When the segmentation efficiency is positive, increasing the number of excavation blocks contributes to better tunnel deformation control. However, when the segmentation efficiency is negative, an increase in excavation blocks has an insignificant effect on deformation control or leads to excessive construction workload.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/2046shield tunnelimage source methodfoundation pit engineeringstaged excavationlongitudinal deformationanalytical solution
spellingShingle Gang Wei
Yebo Zhou
Zhe Wang
Qiankan Wang
Chenyang Lu
Guohui Feng
Deformation Control of Shield Tunnels Affected by Staged Foundation Pit Excavation: Analytical Method and Case Study
Buildings
shield tunnel
image source method
foundation pit engineering
staged excavation
longitudinal deformation
analytical solution
title Deformation Control of Shield Tunnels Affected by Staged Foundation Pit Excavation: Analytical Method and Case Study
title_full Deformation Control of Shield Tunnels Affected by Staged Foundation Pit Excavation: Analytical Method and Case Study
title_fullStr Deformation Control of Shield Tunnels Affected by Staged Foundation Pit Excavation: Analytical Method and Case Study
title_full_unstemmed Deformation Control of Shield Tunnels Affected by Staged Foundation Pit Excavation: Analytical Method and Case Study
title_short Deformation Control of Shield Tunnels Affected by Staged Foundation Pit Excavation: Analytical Method and Case Study
title_sort deformation control of shield tunnels affected by staged foundation pit excavation analytical method and case study
topic shield tunnel
image source method
foundation pit engineering
staged excavation
longitudinal deformation
analytical solution
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/2046
work_keys_str_mv AT gangwei deformationcontrolofshieldtunnelsaffectedbystagedfoundationpitexcavationanalyticalmethodandcasestudy
AT yebozhou deformationcontrolofshieldtunnelsaffectedbystagedfoundationpitexcavationanalyticalmethodandcasestudy
AT zhewang deformationcontrolofshieldtunnelsaffectedbystagedfoundationpitexcavationanalyticalmethodandcasestudy
AT qiankanwang deformationcontrolofshieldtunnelsaffectedbystagedfoundationpitexcavationanalyticalmethodandcasestudy
AT chenyanglu deformationcontrolofshieldtunnelsaffectedbystagedfoundationpitexcavationanalyticalmethodandcasestudy
AT guohuifeng deformationcontrolofshieldtunnelsaffectedbystagedfoundationpitexcavationanalyticalmethodandcasestudy