How Re-Infections and Newborns Can Impact Visible and Hidden Epidemic Dynamics?

Mathematical modeling allows taking into account registered and hidden infections to make correct predictions of epidemic dynamics and develop recommendations that can reduce the negative impact on public health and the economy. A model for visible and hidden epidemic dynamics (published by the auth...

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Main Author: Igor Nesteruk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Computation
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/5/113
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author Igor Nesteruk
author_facet Igor Nesteruk
author_sort Igor Nesteruk
collection DOAJ
description Mathematical modeling allows taking into account registered and hidden infections to make correct predictions of epidemic dynamics and develop recommendations that can reduce the negative impact on public health and the economy. A model for visible and hidden epidemic dynamics (published by the author in February 2025) has been generalized to account for the effects of re-infection and newborns. An analysis of the equilibrium points, examples of numerical solutions, and comparisons with the dynamics of real epidemics are provided. A stable quasi-equilibrium for the particular case of almost completely hidden epidemics was also revealed. Numerical results and comparisons with the COVID-19 epidemic dynamics in Austria and South Korea showed that re-infections, newborns, and hidden cases make epidemics endless. Newborns can cause repeated epidemic waves even without re-infections. In particular, the next epidemic peak of pertussis in England is expected to occur in 2031. With the use of effective algorithms for parameter identification, the proposed approach can ensure effective predictions of visible and hidden numbers of cases and infectious and removed patients.
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spelling doaj-art-7ba094e5f0e2400686876c271e7ab05a2025-08-20T02:33:42ZengMDPI AGComputation2079-31972025-05-0113511310.3390/computation13050113How Re-Infections and Newborns Can Impact Visible and Hidden Epidemic Dynamics?Igor Nesteruk0Institute of Hydromechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, UkraineMathematical modeling allows taking into account registered and hidden infections to make correct predictions of epidemic dynamics and develop recommendations that can reduce the negative impact on public health and the economy. A model for visible and hidden epidemic dynamics (published by the author in February 2025) has been generalized to account for the effects of re-infection and newborns. An analysis of the equilibrium points, examples of numerical solutions, and comparisons with the dynamics of real epidemics are provided. A stable quasi-equilibrium for the particular case of almost completely hidden epidemics was also revealed. Numerical results and comparisons with the COVID-19 epidemic dynamics in Austria and South Korea showed that re-infections, newborns, and hidden cases make epidemics endless. Newborns can cause repeated epidemic waves even without re-infections. In particular, the next epidemic peak of pertussis in England is expected to occur in 2031. With the use of effective algorithms for parameter identification, the proposed approach can ensure effective predictions of visible and hidden numbers of cases and infectious and removed patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/5/113mathematical modelinginfection diseaseshidden epidemic dynamicsthe COVID-19 pandemicpertussis epidemic
spellingShingle Igor Nesteruk
How Re-Infections and Newborns Can Impact Visible and Hidden Epidemic Dynamics?
Computation
mathematical modeling
infection diseases
hidden epidemic dynamics
the COVID-19 pandemic
pertussis epidemic
title How Re-Infections and Newborns Can Impact Visible and Hidden Epidemic Dynamics?
title_full How Re-Infections and Newborns Can Impact Visible and Hidden Epidemic Dynamics?
title_fullStr How Re-Infections and Newborns Can Impact Visible and Hidden Epidemic Dynamics?
title_full_unstemmed How Re-Infections and Newborns Can Impact Visible and Hidden Epidemic Dynamics?
title_short How Re-Infections and Newborns Can Impact Visible and Hidden Epidemic Dynamics?
title_sort how re infections and newborns can impact visible and hidden epidemic dynamics
topic mathematical modeling
infection diseases
hidden epidemic dynamics
the COVID-19 pandemic
pertussis epidemic
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/5/113
work_keys_str_mv AT igornesteruk howreinfectionsandnewbornscanimpactvisibleandhiddenepidemicdynamics