The Effects of <i>P5CR</i> Gene Function of Endophytic Fungus <i>Alternaria oxytropis</i> OW7.8 on Swainsonine Biosynthesis

The Effects of <i>P5CR</i> Gene Function of Endophytic Fungus <i>Alternaria oxytropis</i> OW7.8 on Swainsonine Biosynthesis

Locoweeds, including <i>Oxytropis</i> and <i>Astragalus</i> species, are globally recognized as plants containing swainsonine (SW), a neurotoxic alkaloid that induces neurological dysfunction and growth inhibition in livestock. SW is produced by endophytic fungi in plants; th...

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Main Authors: Fan Yang, Yinzhe Li, Ping Lu, Yu Wang, Feng Gao, Bo Yuan, Ling Du, Yuling Li, Kai Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Biomolecules
Subjects:
<i>Alternaria oxytropis</i> OW 7.8
swainsonine
<i>P5CR</i> gene
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/4/460
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Summary:Locoweeds, including <i>Oxytropis</i> and <i>Astragalus</i> species, are globally recognized as plants containing swainsonine (SW), a neurotoxic alkaloid that induces neurological dysfunction and growth inhibition in livestock. SW is produced by endophytic fungi in plants; the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) gene is critical in the fungal SW biosynthetic pathway. In this study, a <i>P5CR</i> gene knockout mutant (Δ<i>P5CR</i>) was constructed from the endophytic fungus <i>Alternaria oxytropis</i> OW7.8 isolated from <i>Oxytropis glabra</i>. Compared to the wild-type strain (<i>A. oxytropis</i> OW7.8), the SW content in the Δ<i>P5CR</i> mycelia was significantly reduced, indicating that the P5CR gene plays a crucial role in promoting SW biosynthesis. Compared to the wild-type strain <i>A. oxytropis</i> OW7.8, the Δ<i>P5CR</i> mutant exhibited distinct morphological alterations in both colony and mycelial structures. The transcriptomic analysis of <i>A. oxytropis</i> OW7.8 and Δ<i>P5CR</i> revealed the downregulation of six genes associated with SW biosynthesis. Metabolomic profiling further demonstrated altered levels of six metabolites linked to SW synthesis. These findings provide foundational insights into the molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways underlying SW biosynthesis in fungi. They hold significant value for future strategies to control SW in <i>Oxytropis glabra</i> and contribute positively to the protection and sustainable development of grassland ecosystems.
ISSN:2218-273X

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