Infection Dynamics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Wild-type and Delta Variant of Concern in a Pediatric Cohort in Southern India
Background: Dynamics, severity, and immune response of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection vary between children and adults. There are only a few reports on the differential impact of variants in children, and none reported from low-and-middle-income countries. Mat...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Current Medical Issues |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/cmi.cmi_88_24 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Summary: | Background:
Dynamics, severity, and immune response of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection vary between children and adults. There are only a few reports on the differential impact of variants in children, and none reported from low-and-middle-income countries.
Materials and Methods:
Between November 2020 and August 2021, we enrolled children under 16 years testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We compared virus characteristics (viral load, virus variant - Wild-type or Delta), disease severity (asymptomatic, mild-to-moderate, and severe), and immunity levels to the virus (anti-N and anti-S) after 4–6 weeks.
Results:
Of 79 children recruited, 29%, 59%, and 11% had asymptomatic, mild-to moderate, or severe presentations, respectively. Wild-type and delta variants presented with similar disease severity. For both variants, anti-S antibody levels were higher than anti-N antibody levels (P < 0.0001). Anti-S was also higher than anti-N among asymptomatic (P = 0.02) and mild-to-moderate disease (P < 0.0001). Children with higher virus loads had higher levels of both anti-S and anti-N antibodies (quartile [QS]1 versus QS3, P < 0.05). Among low (QS3) virus loads, wild-type anti-S levels were higher than delta infected (P = 0.003). In mild-to-moderate disease, the mean Ct value of wild type (32.5) was higher than that of delta infection (25.0) (P = 0.0083).
Conclusions:
In children, the antibody response is driven by viral load. In mild-to-moderate disease, higher loads of Delta variant of concern resulted in robust antibody response that was absent in severe disease. These results could inform potential responses to future SARS-CoV-2 variants and may guide decisions on targeted vaccination in children. |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 0973-4651 2666-4054 |