Novel Drug Design for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies
Background. Since the beginning of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease outbreak, there has been an increasing interest in discovering potential therapeutic agents for this disease. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review through an overview of drug development (in silico, in vitro, a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2044282 |
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| author | Sarah Mousavi Shima Zare Mahmoud Mirzaei Awat Feizi |
| author_facet | Sarah Mousavi Shima Zare Mahmoud Mirzaei Awat Feizi |
| author_sort | Sarah Mousavi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Since the beginning of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease outbreak, there has been an increasing interest in discovering potential therapeutic agents for this disease. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review through an overview of drug development (in silico, in vitro, and in vivo) for treating COVID-19. Methods. A systematic search was carried out in major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar from December 2019 to March 2021. A combination of the following terms was used: coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, drug design, drug development, In silico, In vitro, and In vivo. A narrative synthesis was performed as a qualitative method for the data synthesis of each outcome measure. Results. A total of 2168 articles were identified through searching databases. Finally, 315 studies (266 in silico, 34 in vitro, and 15 in vivo) were included. In studies with in silico approach, 98 article study repurposed drug and 91 studies evaluated herbal medicine on COVID-19. Among 260 drugs repurposed by the computational method, the best results were observed with saquinavir (n = 9), ritonavir (n = 8), and lopinavir (n = 6). Main protease (n = 154) following spike glycoprotein (n = 62) and other nonstructural protein of virus (n = 45) was among the most studied targets. Doxycycline, chlorpromazine, azithromycin, heparin, bepridil, and glycyrrhizic acid showed both in silico and in vitro inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion. The preclinical studies of novel drug design for COVID-19 focused on main protease and spike glycoprotein as targets for antiviral development. From evaluated structures, saquinavir, ritonavir, eucalyptus, Tinospora cordifolia, aloe, green tea, curcumin, pyrazole, and triazole derivatives in in silico studies and doxycycline, chlorpromazine, and heparin from in vitro and human monoclonal antibodies from in vivo studies showed promised results regarding efficacy. It seems that due to the nature of COVID-19 disease, finding some drugs with multitarget antiviral actions and anti-inflammatory potential is valuable and some herbal medicines have this potential. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7b764e03fc2e441ea09361bb91f4e457 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1918-1493 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-7b764e03fc2e441ea09361bb91f4e4572025-08-20T03:35:06ZengWileyCanadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology1918-14932022-01-01202210.1155/2022/2044282Novel Drug Design for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Preclinical StudiesSarah Mousavi0Shima Zare1Mahmoud Mirzaei2Awat Feizi3Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy PracticeSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesChild Growth and Development Research CenterDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsBackground. Since the beginning of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease outbreak, there has been an increasing interest in discovering potential therapeutic agents for this disease. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review through an overview of drug development (in silico, in vitro, and in vivo) for treating COVID-19. Methods. A systematic search was carried out in major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar from December 2019 to March 2021. A combination of the following terms was used: coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, drug design, drug development, In silico, In vitro, and In vivo. A narrative synthesis was performed as a qualitative method for the data synthesis of each outcome measure. Results. A total of 2168 articles were identified through searching databases. Finally, 315 studies (266 in silico, 34 in vitro, and 15 in vivo) were included. In studies with in silico approach, 98 article study repurposed drug and 91 studies evaluated herbal medicine on COVID-19. Among 260 drugs repurposed by the computational method, the best results were observed with saquinavir (n = 9), ritonavir (n = 8), and lopinavir (n = 6). Main protease (n = 154) following spike glycoprotein (n = 62) and other nonstructural protein of virus (n = 45) was among the most studied targets. Doxycycline, chlorpromazine, azithromycin, heparin, bepridil, and glycyrrhizic acid showed both in silico and in vitro inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion. The preclinical studies of novel drug design for COVID-19 focused on main protease and spike glycoprotein as targets for antiviral development. From evaluated structures, saquinavir, ritonavir, eucalyptus, Tinospora cordifolia, aloe, green tea, curcumin, pyrazole, and triazole derivatives in in silico studies and doxycycline, chlorpromazine, and heparin from in vitro and human monoclonal antibodies from in vivo studies showed promised results regarding efficacy. It seems that due to the nature of COVID-19 disease, finding some drugs with multitarget antiviral actions and anti-inflammatory potential is valuable and some herbal medicines have this potential.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2044282 |
| spellingShingle | Sarah Mousavi Shima Zare Mahmoud Mirzaei Awat Feizi Novel Drug Design for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology |
| title | Novel Drug Design for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies |
| title_full | Novel Drug Design for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies |
| title_fullStr | Novel Drug Design for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Drug Design for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies |
| title_short | Novel Drug Design for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies |
| title_sort | novel drug design for treatment of covid 19 a systematic review of preclinical studies |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2044282 |
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