Case Report: Complications of an interscalene block with liposomal local anesthetic resulting in ICU admission for over 25 days—critical sequelae of outpatient surgical procedures

Interscalene blockade is a widely accepted regional analgesic technique that has been demonstrated to limit postoperative pain and opioid consumption in total shoulder arthroplasty. Phrenic nerve paresis is an unintended consequence of this block and is well-tolerated in the majority of patients. Th...

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Main Authors: Matthew C. Byrne, Douglas H. Anderson, Ryan M. Meral
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Anesthesiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fanes.2025.1554730/full
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author Matthew C. Byrne
Matthew C. Byrne
Douglas H. Anderson
Ryan M. Meral
author_facet Matthew C. Byrne
Matthew C. Byrne
Douglas H. Anderson
Ryan M. Meral
author_sort Matthew C. Byrne
collection DOAJ
description Interscalene blockade is a widely accepted regional analgesic technique that has been demonstrated to limit postoperative pain and opioid consumption in total shoulder arthroplasty. Phrenic nerve paresis is an unintended consequence of this block and is well-tolerated in the majority of patients. The development of liposomal bupivacaine (LB) offers the potential for extended-duration analgesia over standard bupivacaine. US Food and Drug Administration approval for the use of a specific preparation of LB for interscalene block was obtained in 2018, and research is ongoing on the analgesic duration, benefits, and side effect profile of this relatively new local anesthetic. We report on a case of a total shoulder replacement with a single-shot interscalene block with LB and subsequent intensive care unit admission for 25 days for persistent hypoxemia requiring bilevel positive airway pressure and heated high-flow oxygen. Following extensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary pulmonology and anesthesiology critical care team, it was determined that his hypoxemia was due to phrenic nerve palsy in the setting of interscalene nerve block in a patient with reduced pulmonary capacity at baseline, although no overt signs of severe or decompensated disease were identified preoperatively. Patient comorbidities, mechanisms to prolong blockade, and alternatives to an interscalene block should be carefully considered to avoid significant pulmonary complications.
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spelling doaj-art-7b6fcbc20fd446fca8137f5b81aa18f52025-08-20T03:14:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Anesthesiology2813-480X2025-04-01410.3389/fanes.2025.15547301554730Case Report: Complications of an interscalene block with liposomal local anesthetic resulting in ICU admission for over 25 days—critical sequelae of outpatient surgical proceduresMatthew C. Byrne0Matthew C. Byrne1Douglas H. Anderson2Ryan M. Meral3Air Force Institute of Technology, Civilian Institutions Programs, Wright Patterson Air ForceBase, Dayton, OH, United StatesDepartment of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesDepartment of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesDepartment of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesInterscalene blockade is a widely accepted regional analgesic technique that has been demonstrated to limit postoperative pain and opioid consumption in total shoulder arthroplasty. Phrenic nerve paresis is an unintended consequence of this block and is well-tolerated in the majority of patients. The development of liposomal bupivacaine (LB) offers the potential for extended-duration analgesia over standard bupivacaine. US Food and Drug Administration approval for the use of a specific preparation of LB for interscalene block was obtained in 2018, and research is ongoing on the analgesic duration, benefits, and side effect profile of this relatively new local anesthetic. We report on a case of a total shoulder replacement with a single-shot interscalene block with LB and subsequent intensive care unit admission for 25 days for persistent hypoxemia requiring bilevel positive airway pressure and heated high-flow oxygen. Following extensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary pulmonology and anesthesiology critical care team, it was determined that his hypoxemia was due to phrenic nerve palsy in the setting of interscalene nerve block in a patient with reduced pulmonary capacity at baseline, although no overt signs of severe or decompensated disease were identified preoperatively. Patient comorbidities, mechanisms to prolong blockade, and alternatives to an interscalene block should be carefully considered to avoid significant pulmonary complications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fanes.2025.1554730/fullinterscalene analgesiaphrenic nerve palsyunanticipated admissionpostoperative complicationbupivacaine
spellingShingle Matthew C. Byrne
Matthew C. Byrne
Douglas H. Anderson
Ryan M. Meral
Case Report: Complications of an interscalene block with liposomal local anesthetic resulting in ICU admission for over 25 days—critical sequelae of outpatient surgical procedures
Frontiers in Anesthesiology
interscalene analgesia
phrenic nerve palsy
unanticipated admission
postoperative complication
bupivacaine
title Case Report: Complications of an interscalene block with liposomal local anesthetic resulting in ICU admission for over 25 days—critical sequelae of outpatient surgical procedures
title_full Case Report: Complications of an interscalene block with liposomal local anesthetic resulting in ICU admission for over 25 days—critical sequelae of outpatient surgical procedures
title_fullStr Case Report: Complications of an interscalene block with liposomal local anesthetic resulting in ICU admission for over 25 days—critical sequelae of outpatient surgical procedures
title_full_unstemmed Case Report: Complications of an interscalene block with liposomal local anesthetic resulting in ICU admission for over 25 days—critical sequelae of outpatient surgical procedures
title_short Case Report: Complications of an interscalene block with liposomal local anesthetic resulting in ICU admission for over 25 days—critical sequelae of outpatient surgical procedures
title_sort case report complications of an interscalene block with liposomal local anesthetic resulting in icu admission for over 25 days critical sequelae of outpatient surgical procedures
topic interscalene analgesia
phrenic nerve palsy
unanticipated admission
postoperative complication
bupivacaine
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fanes.2025.1554730/full
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