Sixteen-Pixel NbN Nanowire Single Photon Detector Coupled With 300-μm Fiber

Niobium nitride (NbN) nanowires have a high repetition rate and efficiency, making them ideal for superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs). However, it is difficult to fabricate NbN arrays over large areas, which is critical for various applications. This paper describes a 4&#x0...

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Main Authors: Qi Chen, Biao Zhang, Labao Zhang, Rui Ge, Ruiying Xu, Yang Wu, Xuecou Tu, Xiaoqing Jia, Danfeng Pan, Lin Kang, Jian Chen, Peiheng Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2020-01-01
Series:IEEE Photonics Journal
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8908724/
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author Qi Chen
Biao Zhang
Labao Zhang
Rui Ge
Ruiying Xu
Yang Wu
Xuecou Tu
Xiaoqing Jia
Danfeng Pan
Lin Kang
Jian Chen
Peiheng Wu
author_facet Qi Chen
Biao Zhang
Labao Zhang
Rui Ge
Ruiying Xu
Yang Wu
Xuecou Tu
Xiaoqing Jia
Danfeng Pan
Lin Kang
Jian Chen
Peiheng Wu
author_sort Qi Chen
collection DOAJ
description Niobium nitride (NbN) nanowires have a high repetition rate and efficiency, making them ideal for superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs). However, it is difficult to fabricate NbN arrays over large areas, which is critical for various applications. This paper describes a 4 × 4 NbN SNSPD array (16 pixels) and optical coupling with a 300-μm-diameter multimode fiber using beam compression technology. This is the first NbN SNSPD coupled with such large-diameter fibers. The designed pixels are positioned as closely as possible (pixel filling factor about 98.5%), almost without dead area between them. This results in a system efficiency of 46% and a quantum efficiency of 94.5% for photons (λ = 1064 nm) coupled from multimode fibers. An intrinsic time resolution of less than 69 ps can be obtained. The proposed high-performance single photon detector is suitable for satellite laser ranging. Furthermore, the proposed system is feasible for large SNSPD arrays with NbN, paving the way for the development of efficient photon cameras with NbN nanowires.
format Article
id doaj-art-7b63445f4e1b4754b5d78d5915f6d260
institution DOAJ
issn 1943-0655
language English
publishDate 2020-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
series IEEE Photonics Journal
spelling doaj-art-7b63445f4e1b4754b5d78d5915f6d2602025-08-20T03:15:50ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552020-01-0112111210.1109/JPHOT.2019.29549388908724Sixteen-Pixel NbN Nanowire Single Photon Detector Coupled With 300-μm FiberQi Chen0Biao Zhang1Labao Zhang2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-0171Rui Ge3Ruiying Xu4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4173-7442Yang Wu5Xuecou Tu6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8357-6221Xiaoqing Jia7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4876-0370Danfeng Pan8Lin Kang9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3812-264XJian Chen10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1360-8969Peiheng Wu11Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaResearch Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaResearch Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaResearch Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaResearch Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaResearch Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaResearch Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaResearch Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaResearch Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaResearch Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaResearch Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaResearch Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaNiobium nitride (NbN) nanowires have a high repetition rate and efficiency, making them ideal for superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs). However, it is difficult to fabricate NbN arrays over large areas, which is critical for various applications. This paper describes a 4 × 4 NbN SNSPD array (16 pixels) and optical coupling with a 300-μm-diameter multimode fiber using beam compression technology. This is the first NbN SNSPD coupled with such large-diameter fibers. The designed pixels are positioned as closely as possible (pixel filling factor about 98.5%), almost without dead area between them. This results in a system efficiency of 46% and a quantum efficiency of 94.5% for photons (λ = 1064 nm) coupled from multimode fibers. An intrinsic time resolution of less than 69 ps can be obtained. The proposed high-performance single photon detector is suitable for satellite laser ranging. Furthermore, the proposed system is feasible for large SNSPD arrays with NbN, paving the way for the development of efficient photon cameras with NbN nanowires.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8908724/Multimode fiberniobium nitridesatellite laser rangingsingle-photon detector.
spellingShingle Qi Chen
Biao Zhang
Labao Zhang
Rui Ge
Ruiying Xu
Yang Wu
Xuecou Tu
Xiaoqing Jia
Danfeng Pan
Lin Kang
Jian Chen
Peiheng Wu
Sixteen-Pixel NbN Nanowire Single Photon Detector Coupled With 300-μm Fiber
IEEE Photonics Journal
Multimode fiber
niobium nitride
satellite laser ranging
single-photon detector.
title Sixteen-Pixel NbN Nanowire Single Photon Detector Coupled With 300-μm Fiber
title_full Sixteen-Pixel NbN Nanowire Single Photon Detector Coupled With 300-μm Fiber
title_fullStr Sixteen-Pixel NbN Nanowire Single Photon Detector Coupled With 300-μm Fiber
title_full_unstemmed Sixteen-Pixel NbN Nanowire Single Photon Detector Coupled With 300-μm Fiber
title_short Sixteen-Pixel NbN Nanowire Single Photon Detector Coupled With 300-μm Fiber
title_sort sixteen pixel nbn nanowire single photon detector coupled with 300 x03bc m fiber
topic Multimode fiber
niobium nitride
satellite laser ranging
single-photon detector.
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8908724/
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