Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Peripheral Artery Disease

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with an elevated risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Despite this, few reliable biomarkers exist to identify patients at heightened risk of MACE. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a stress-responsive cytokine implicated in inflamm...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ben Li, Farah Shaikh, Houssam Younes, Batool Abuhalimeh, Abdelrahman Zamzam, Rawand Abdin, Mohammad Qadura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Biomolecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/7/991
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