Experimental benchmarking of quantum state overlap estimation strategies with photonic systems

Abstract Accurately estimating the overlap between quantum states is a fundamental task in quantum information processing. While various strategies using distinct quantum measurements have been proposed for overlap estimation, the lack of experimental benchmarks on estimation precision limits strate...

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Main Authors: Hao Zhan, Ben Wang, Minghao Mi, Jie Xie, Liang Xu, Aonan Zhang, Lijian Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-02-01
Series:Light: Science & Applications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01755-8
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author Hao Zhan
Ben Wang
Minghao Mi
Jie Xie
Liang Xu
Aonan Zhang
Lijian Zhang
author_facet Hao Zhan
Ben Wang
Minghao Mi
Jie Xie
Liang Xu
Aonan Zhang
Lijian Zhang
author_sort Hao Zhan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Accurately estimating the overlap between quantum states is a fundamental task in quantum information processing. While various strategies using distinct quantum measurements have been proposed for overlap estimation, the lack of experimental benchmarks on estimation precision limits strategy selection in different situations. Here we compare the performance of four practical strategies for overlap estimation, including tomography-tomography, tomography-projection, Schur collective measurement and optical swap test using photonic quantum systems. We encode the quantum states on the polarization and path degrees of freedom of single photons. The corresponding measurements are performed by photon detection on certain modes following single-photon mode transformation or two-photon interference. We further propose an adaptive strategy with optimized precision in full-range overlap estimation. Our results shed new light on extracting the parameter of interest from quantum systems, prompting the design of efficient quantum protocols.
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institution DOAJ
issn 2047-7538
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spelling doaj-art-7b41f16ff2894975a44dc44eb0851bb72025-08-20T02:48:18ZengNature Publishing GroupLight: Science & Applications2047-75382025-02-0114111210.1038/s41377-025-01755-8Experimental benchmarking of quantum state overlap estimation strategies with photonic systemsHao Zhan0Ben Wang1Minghao Mi2Jie Xie3Liang Xu4Aonan Zhang5Lijian Zhang6National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Physical Science Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing UniversityNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Physical Science Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing UniversityNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Physical Science Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing UniversityNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Physical Science Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing UniversityNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Physical Science Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing UniversityNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Physical Science Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing UniversityNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Physical Science Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing UniversityAbstract Accurately estimating the overlap between quantum states is a fundamental task in quantum information processing. While various strategies using distinct quantum measurements have been proposed for overlap estimation, the lack of experimental benchmarks on estimation precision limits strategy selection in different situations. Here we compare the performance of four practical strategies for overlap estimation, including tomography-tomography, tomography-projection, Schur collective measurement and optical swap test using photonic quantum systems. We encode the quantum states on the polarization and path degrees of freedom of single photons. The corresponding measurements are performed by photon detection on certain modes following single-photon mode transformation or two-photon interference. We further propose an adaptive strategy with optimized precision in full-range overlap estimation. Our results shed new light on extracting the parameter of interest from quantum systems, prompting the design of efficient quantum protocols.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01755-8
spellingShingle Hao Zhan
Ben Wang
Minghao Mi
Jie Xie
Liang Xu
Aonan Zhang
Lijian Zhang
Experimental benchmarking of quantum state overlap estimation strategies with photonic systems
Light: Science & Applications
title Experimental benchmarking of quantum state overlap estimation strategies with photonic systems
title_full Experimental benchmarking of quantum state overlap estimation strategies with photonic systems
title_fullStr Experimental benchmarking of quantum state overlap estimation strategies with photonic systems
title_full_unstemmed Experimental benchmarking of quantum state overlap estimation strategies with photonic systems
title_short Experimental benchmarking of quantum state overlap estimation strategies with photonic systems
title_sort experimental benchmarking of quantum state overlap estimation strategies with photonic systems
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01755-8
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AT jiexie experimentalbenchmarkingofquantumstateoverlapestimationstrategieswithphotonicsystems
AT liangxu experimentalbenchmarkingofquantumstateoverlapestimationstrategieswithphotonicsystems
AT aonanzhang experimentalbenchmarkingofquantumstateoverlapestimationstrategieswithphotonicsystems
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