The role of vitamin D deficiency and modifiable risk factors in patients with Crohn’s disease

BackgroundsVitamin D insufficiency is usually seen in Crohn’s disease (CD). Our study aims to determine the risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency in CD patients.MethodsBetween May 2021 and December 2023, we enrolled 102 CD patients and 100 healthy people in our hospital who were eligible for the...

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Main Authors: Xiaoyue Feng, Qin Yin, Ying Kang, Kang Jiang, Mengqing Xu, Fangyu Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616924/full
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author Xiaoyue Feng
Qin Yin
Ying Kang
Kang Jiang
Mengqing Xu
Fangyu Wang
author_facet Xiaoyue Feng
Qin Yin
Ying Kang
Kang Jiang
Mengqing Xu
Fangyu Wang
author_sort Xiaoyue Feng
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundsVitamin D insufficiency is usually seen in Crohn’s disease (CD). Our study aims to determine the risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency in CD patients.MethodsBetween May 2021 and December 2023, we enrolled 102 CD patients and 100 healthy people in our hospital who were eligible for the study. Changes in vitamin D levels were also analyzed. CD patients were divided into active and clinical remission, and further changes in micronutrient and vitamin D levels were analyzed. Lastly, risk factor analysis was conducted using univariate, multivariate, and LASSO regression analysis models.ResultsThe average age of CD patients was 38.91 ± 3.31 years, whereas the average age of the healthy people was 38.64 ± 2.26 years. Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in CD patients than in healthy controls (19.62 ± 2.68 vs. 22.68 ± 4.61), especially for patients with active CD. In 11 patients treated with vedolizumab, compared to the pre-treatment Vedolizumab group, vitamin D levels improved more dramatically post-Vedolizumab therapy. According to univariate analysis, Age (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.26-1.33, p=0.01), sex (OR: 0.26, 95% CI 0.25-0.99, p=0.03), recent biologics (OR: 0.54, 95% CI 0.44-1.25, p=0.02), iron (OR: 0.89, 95% CI 0.72-1.62, p=0.02), and total 25-OH vitamin D (OR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.02-1.99, p=0.02) did significantly differ between patients with and without vitamin D deficiency. After controlling for several variables, multivariate analysis revealed that a lower odds ratio was linked to increasing age at diagnosis (OR: 0.12, 95% CI 0.03-0.85, p=0.02), sex (OR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.44-0.95, p=0.01), iron (OR: 0.44, 95% CI 0.11-0.62, p=0.01), and 25-OH vitamin D total (OR: 0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.95, p=0.03). In addition, Age, time since illness onset, and 25-OH vitamin D were found to be helpful indicators for CD patients using LASSO regression.ConclusionAccording to this study, vitamin D insufficiency was often linked to CD patients with active status and pre-treatment Vedolizumab. Furthermore, Age, time since illness onset, and 25-OH vitamin D were found to be significant risk factors for CD.
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spelling doaj-art-7b415a8038bb4047b46da69eac3a689f2025-08-20T02:46:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-07-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16169241616924The role of vitamin D deficiency and modifiable risk factors in patients with Crohn’s diseaseXiaoyue Feng0Qin Yin1Ying Kang2Kang Jiang3Mengqing Xu4Fangyu Wang5Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaOrthopedics Department, Wuxi 9th People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, ChinaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaBackgroundsVitamin D insufficiency is usually seen in Crohn’s disease (CD). Our study aims to determine the risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency in CD patients.MethodsBetween May 2021 and December 2023, we enrolled 102 CD patients and 100 healthy people in our hospital who were eligible for the study. Changes in vitamin D levels were also analyzed. CD patients were divided into active and clinical remission, and further changes in micronutrient and vitamin D levels were analyzed. Lastly, risk factor analysis was conducted using univariate, multivariate, and LASSO regression analysis models.ResultsThe average age of CD patients was 38.91 ± 3.31 years, whereas the average age of the healthy people was 38.64 ± 2.26 years. Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in CD patients than in healthy controls (19.62 ± 2.68 vs. 22.68 ± 4.61), especially for patients with active CD. In 11 patients treated with vedolizumab, compared to the pre-treatment Vedolizumab group, vitamin D levels improved more dramatically post-Vedolizumab therapy. According to univariate analysis, Age (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.26-1.33, p=0.01), sex (OR: 0.26, 95% CI 0.25-0.99, p=0.03), recent biologics (OR: 0.54, 95% CI 0.44-1.25, p=0.02), iron (OR: 0.89, 95% CI 0.72-1.62, p=0.02), and total 25-OH vitamin D (OR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.02-1.99, p=0.02) did significantly differ between patients with and without vitamin D deficiency. After controlling for several variables, multivariate analysis revealed that a lower odds ratio was linked to increasing age at diagnosis (OR: 0.12, 95% CI 0.03-0.85, p=0.02), sex (OR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.44-0.95, p=0.01), iron (OR: 0.44, 95% CI 0.11-0.62, p=0.01), and 25-OH vitamin D total (OR: 0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.95, p=0.03). In addition, Age, time since illness onset, and 25-OH vitamin D were found to be helpful indicators for CD patients using LASSO regression.ConclusionAccording to this study, vitamin D insufficiency was often linked to CD patients with active status and pre-treatment Vedolizumab. Furthermore, Age, time since illness onset, and 25-OH vitamin D were found to be significant risk factors for CD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616924/fullvitamin DCrohn’s diseasevedolizumabageLASSO regression analysis
spellingShingle Xiaoyue Feng
Qin Yin
Ying Kang
Kang Jiang
Mengqing Xu
Fangyu Wang
The role of vitamin D deficiency and modifiable risk factors in patients with Crohn’s disease
Frontiers in Immunology
vitamin D
Crohn’s disease
vedolizumab
age
LASSO regression analysis
title The role of vitamin D deficiency and modifiable risk factors in patients with Crohn’s disease
title_full The role of vitamin D deficiency and modifiable risk factors in patients with Crohn’s disease
title_fullStr The role of vitamin D deficiency and modifiable risk factors in patients with Crohn’s disease
title_full_unstemmed The role of vitamin D deficiency and modifiable risk factors in patients with Crohn’s disease
title_short The role of vitamin D deficiency and modifiable risk factors in patients with Crohn’s disease
title_sort role of vitamin d deficiency and modifiable risk factors in patients with crohn s disease
topic vitamin D
Crohn’s disease
vedolizumab
age
LASSO regression analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1616924/full
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