Adaptive Generation Method for Small Volume Easy Fabrication Freeform Unobscured Three-Mirror Systems Based on Machine Learning

Freeform unobscured multiple-mirror systems have been widely applied in high-precision optical fields due to their high imaging quality and no chromatic aberration and central obstruction. However, how to design a freeform unobscured multiple-mirror system with small system volume, imaging quality,...

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Main Authors: Yiwei Sun, Yangjie Wei, Ji Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Photonics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/405
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author Yiwei Sun
Yangjie Wei
Ji Zhao
author_facet Yiwei Sun
Yangjie Wei
Ji Zhao
author_sort Yiwei Sun
collection DOAJ
description Freeform unobscured multiple-mirror systems have been widely applied in high-precision optical fields due to their high imaging quality and no chromatic aberration and central obstruction. However, how to design a freeform unobscured multiple-mirror system with small system volume, imaging quality, and low manufacturing difficulty is challenging. This study proposes an adaptive generation method for freeform unobscured three-mirror systems with small volume and ease of fabrication based on machine learning, considering the fabrication constraints, volume limitations, imaging quality, and design efficiency. First, an error function based on volume, fabrication, and imaging quality functions is constructed, and a dataset is generated using this error function. Then, a machine learning model is trained using this dataset, enabling efficient prediction of the parameters for small-volume, easy-to-fabricate freeform unobscured three-mirror systems. Finally, the parameters of the freeform unobscured three-mirror system are predicted using the trained model, and combined with the freeform surface generation method, a freeform unobscured three-mirror imaging system is automatically obtained. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can effectively generate freeform unobscured three-mirror systems that meet the requirements for small volume and easy fabrication, providing a new approach for optical design.
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spelling doaj-art-7b412b2dc35d457eac24d6cea6e0add12025-08-20T03:47:57ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-04-0112540510.3390/photonics12050405Adaptive Generation Method for Small Volume Easy Fabrication Freeform Unobscured Three-Mirror Systems Based on Machine LearningYiwei Sun0Yangjie Wei1Ji Zhao2School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaFreeform unobscured multiple-mirror systems have been widely applied in high-precision optical fields due to their high imaging quality and no chromatic aberration and central obstruction. However, how to design a freeform unobscured multiple-mirror system with small system volume, imaging quality, and low manufacturing difficulty is challenging. This study proposes an adaptive generation method for freeform unobscured three-mirror systems with small volume and ease of fabrication based on machine learning, considering the fabrication constraints, volume limitations, imaging quality, and design efficiency. First, an error function based on volume, fabrication, and imaging quality functions is constructed, and a dataset is generated using this error function. Then, a machine learning model is trained using this dataset, enabling efficient prediction of the parameters for small-volume, easy-to-fabricate freeform unobscured three-mirror systems. Finally, the parameters of the freeform unobscured three-mirror system are predicted using the trained model, and combined with the freeform surface generation method, a freeform unobscured three-mirror imaging system is automatically obtained. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can effectively generate freeform unobscured three-mirror systems that meet the requirements for small volume and easy fabrication, providing a new approach for optical design.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/405freeform unobscured three-mirror systemsmall volumeeasy fabricationmachine learningoptical system design
spellingShingle Yiwei Sun
Yangjie Wei
Ji Zhao
Adaptive Generation Method for Small Volume Easy Fabrication Freeform Unobscured Three-Mirror Systems Based on Machine Learning
Photonics
freeform unobscured three-mirror system
small volume
easy fabrication
machine learning
optical system design
title Adaptive Generation Method for Small Volume Easy Fabrication Freeform Unobscured Three-Mirror Systems Based on Machine Learning
title_full Adaptive Generation Method for Small Volume Easy Fabrication Freeform Unobscured Three-Mirror Systems Based on Machine Learning
title_fullStr Adaptive Generation Method for Small Volume Easy Fabrication Freeform Unobscured Three-Mirror Systems Based on Machine Learning
title_full_unstemmed Adaptive Generation Method for Small Volume Easy Fabrication Freeform Unobscured Three-Mirror Systems Based on Machine Learning
title_short Adaptive Generation Method for Small Volume Easy Fabrication Freeform Unobscured Three-Mirror Systems Based on Machine Learning
title_sort adaptive generation method for small volume easy fabrication freeform unobscured three mirror systems based on machine learning
topic freeform unobscured three-mirror system
small volume
easy fabrication
machine learning
optical system design
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/405
work_keys_str_mv AT yiweisun adaptivegenerationmethodforsmallvolumeeasyfabricationfreeformunobscuredthreemirrorsystemsbasedonmachinelearning
AT yangjiewei adaptivegenerationmethodforsmallvolumeeasyfabricationfreeformunobscuredthreemirrorsystemsbasedonmachinelearning
AT jizhao adaptivegenerationmethodforsmallvolumeeasyfabricationfreeformunobscuredthreemirrorsystemsbasedonmachinelearning