Carbon Emission Analysis of Tunnel Construction of Pumped Storage Power Station with Drilling and Blasting Method Based on Discrete Event Simulation

Under the “dual-carbon” strategy, accurately quantifying carbon emissions in water conservancy projects is crucial to promoting low-carbon construction. However, existing life cycle assessment (LCA) methods for carbon emissions during the mechanical construction stage often fail to reflect actual pr...

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Main Authors: Yong Zhang, Shunchuan Wu, Haiyong Cheng, Tao Zeng, Zhaopeng Deng, Jinhua Lei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Buildings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/11/1846
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author Yong Zhang
Shunchuan Wu
Haiyong Cheng
Tao Zeng
Zhaopeng Deng
Jinhua Lei
author_facet Yong Zhang
Shunchuan Wu
Haiyong Cheng
Tao Zeng
Zhaopeng Deng
Jinhua Lei
author_sort Yong Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Under the “dual-carbon” strategy, accurately quantifying carbon emissions in water conservancy projects is crucial to promoting low-carbon construction. However, existing life cycle assessment (LCA) methods for carbon emissions during the mechanical construction stage often fail to reflect actual processes and are limited by high costs and lengthy data collection, potentially leading to inaccurate estimates. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a carbon emission evaluation method for the mechanical construction stage, based on carbon footprint theory and discrete event simulation (DES). This method quantifies equipment operation time and energy consumption during the drilling and blasting processes, enabling a detailed and dynamic emission analysis. Using the Fumin Pumped Storage Power Station Tunnel Project as a case study, a comparative analysis is conducted to examine the carbon emission characteristics of drilling and blasting operations under different surrounding rock conditions based on DES. The validity of the proposed model is confirmed by comparing its results with monitoring data and LCA results. The results show a clear upward trend in carbon emission intensity as surrounding rock conditions deteriorate, with emission intensity rising from 8405.82 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e/m for Class II to 16,189.30 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e/m for Class V in the headrace tunnel. The total carbon emissions of the water conveyance tunnels reach 40,019.64 tCO<sub>2</sub>e, with an average intensity of 13,565.98 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e/m. This study presents a refined and validated framework for assessing the carbon emissions of pumped storage tunnels. It addresses key limitations of traditional LCA methods in the mechanical construction stage and provides a practical tool to support the green transition of hydraulic infrastructure.
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spelling doaj-art-7b3dfb4fc0bd4d6689f2961a4d23a5232025-08-20T02:33:11ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-05-011511184610.3390/buildings15111846Carbon Emission Analysis of Tunnel Construction of Pumped Storage Power Station with Drilling and Blasting Method Based on Discrete Event SimulationYong Zhang0Shunchuan Wu1Haiyong Cheng2Tao Zeng3Zhaopeng Deng4Jinhua Lei5Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaFaculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaFaculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaUnder the “dual-carbon” strategy, accurately quantifying carbon emissions in water conservancy projects is crucial to promoting low-carbon construction. However, existing life cycle assessment (LCA) methods for carbon emissions during the mechanical construction stage often fail to reflect actual processes and are limited by high costs and lengthy data collection, potentially leading to inaccurate estimates. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a carbon emission evaluation method for the mechanical construction stage, based on carbon footprint theory and discrete event simulation (DES). This method quantifies equipment operation time and energy consumption during the drilling and blasting processes, enabling a detailed and dynamic emission analysis. Using the Fumin Pumped Storage Power Station Tunnel Project as a case study, a comparative analysis is conducted to examine the carbon emission characteristics of drilling and blasting operations under different surrounding rock conditions based on DES. The validity of the proposed model is confirmed by comparing its results with monitoring data and LCA results. The results show a clear upward trend in carbon emission intensity as surrounding rock conditions deteriorate, with emission intensity rising from 8405.82 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e/m for Class II to 16,189.30 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e/m for Class V in the headrace tunnel. The total carbon emissions of the water conveyance tunnels reach 40,019.64 tCO<sub>2</sub>e, with an average intensity of 13,565.98 kgCO<sub>2</sub>e/m. This study presents a refined and validated framework for assessing the carbon emissions of pumped storage tunnels. It addresses key limitations of traditional LCA methods in the mechanical construction stage and provides a practical tool to support the green transition of hydraulic infrastructure.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/11/1846tunnel of pumped storage power stationcarbon emissionsmechanical constructiondiscrete event simulationdifferent surrounding rock grade
spellingShingle Yong Zhang
Shunchuan Wu
Haiyong Cheng
Tao Zeng
Zhaopeng Deng
Jinhua Lei
Carbon Emission Analysis of Tunnel Construction of Pumped Storage Power Station with Drilling and Blasting Method Based on Discrete Event Simulation
Buildings
tunnel of pumped storage power station
carbon emissions
mechanical construction
discrete event simulation
different surrounding rock grade
title Carbon Emission Analysis of Tunnel Construction of Pumped Storage Power Station with Drilling and Blasting Method Based on Discrete Event Simulation
title_full Carbon Emission Analysis of Tunnel Construction of Pumped Storage Power Station with Drilling and Blasting Method Based on Discrete Event Simulation
title_fullStr Carbon Emission Analysis of Tunnel Construction of Pumped Storage Power Station with Drilling and Blasting Method Based on Discrete Event Simulation
title_full_unstemmed Carbon Emission Analysis of Tunnel Construction of Pumped Storage Power Station with Drilling and Blasting Method Based on Discrete Event Simulation
title_short Carbon Emission Analysis of Tunnel Construction of Pumped Storage Power Station with Drilling and Blasting Method Based on Discrete Event Simulation
title_sort carbon emission analysis of tunnel construction of pumped storage power station with drilling and blasting method based on discrete event simulation
topic tunnel of pumped storage power station
carbon emissions
mechanical construction
discrete event simulation
different surrounding rock grade
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/11/1846
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AT shunchuanwu carbonemissionanalysisoftunnelconstructionofpumpedstoragepowerstationwithdrillingandblastingmethodbasedondiscreteeventsimulation
AT haiyongcheng carbonemissionanalysisoftunnelconstructionofpumpedstoragepowerstationwithdrillingandblastingmethodbasedondiscreteeventsimulation
AT taozeng carbonemissionanalysisoftunnelconstructionofpumpedstoragepowerstationwithdrillingandblastingmethodbasedondiscreteeventsimulation
AT zhaopengdeng carbonemissionanalysisoftunnelconstructionofpumpedstoragepowerstationwithdrillingandblastingmethodbasedondiscreteeventsimulation
AT jinhualei carbonemissionanalysisoftunnelconstructionofpumpedstoragepowerstationwithdrillingandblastingmethodbasedondiscreteeventsimulation