The role of ply clustering in the impact damage of woven carbon/epoxy laminates: An experimental-numerical study
This study investigates the impact behaviour of carbon/epoxy woven laminates through experimental and numerical analysis, with particular emphasis on the effects of ply clustering. Drop weight tower tests were performed for three different ply clustering configurations. In addition, 3D Digital Image...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Composites Part C: Open Access |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666682025000465 |
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| author | P.G. Rodríguez-Luján R. del Cuvillo J.M. Rodríguez-Sereno J.A. Artero-Guerrero D. Varas J. Pernas-Sánchez |
| author_facet | P.G. Rodríguez-Luján R. del Cuvillo J.M. Rodríguez-Sereno J.A. Artero-Guerrero D. Varas J. Pernas-Sánchez |
| author_sort | P.G. Rodríguez-Luján |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the impact behaviour of carbon/epoxy woven laminates through experimental and numerical analysis, with particular emphasis on the effects of ply clustering. Drop weight tower tests were performed for three different ply clustering configurations. In addition, 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques were used to analyse out-of-plane displacements, providing a deeper insight into the phenomenon that triggers the failure mechanisms. Internal damage was further characterized using ultrasonic C-scan techniques to quantify the extent of damage. A major contribution of this work is the development of a three-dimensional constitutive model based on continuum damage mechanics that incorporates multiple failure mechanisms, with special attention to transverse shear damage. Numerical simulations of the drop-weight tower tests were performed for all three laminate configurations, validating the ability of the constitutive model to predict force and energy responses, as well as the failure mechanisms observed during the tests. The constitutive model was found to be useful in understanding the interaction between interlaminar and intralaminar failure mechanisms under out-of-plane loading conditions, such as drop weight tower tests and other impact scenarios. The study highlights the importance of laminate clustering for perforation resistance and the need to incorporate transverse shear damage into numerical models to accurately capture the perforation process. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7b33a9292efd44a889a232b1ce799c58 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-6820 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Composites Part C: Open Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-7b33a9292efd44a889a232b1ce799c582025-08-20T03:24:48ZengElsevierComposites Part C: Open Access2666-68202025-07-011710060310.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100603The role of ply clustering in the impact damage of woven carbon/epoxy laminates: An experimental-numerical studyP.G. Rodríguez-Luján0R. del Cuvillo1J.M. Rodríguez-Sereno2J.A. Artero-Guerrero3D. Varas4J. Pernas-Sánchez5Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras, Avenida de la Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain11 ROR:https://ror.org/03ths8210.Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras, Avenida de la Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain11 ROR:https://ror.org/03ths8210.Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras, Avenida de la Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain11 ROR:https://ror.org/03ths8210.Corresponding author.; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras, Avenida de la Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain11 ROR:https://ror.org/03ths8210.Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras, Avenida de la Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain11 ROR:https://ror.org/03ths8210.Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Departamento de Mecánica de Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras, Avenida de la Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain11 ROR:https://ror.org/03ths8210.This study investigates the impact behaviour of carbon/epoxy woven laminates through experimental and numerical analysis, with particular emphasis on the effects of ply clustering. Drop weight tower tests were performed for three different ply clustering configurations. In addition, 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques were used to analyse out-of-plane displacements, providing a deeper insight into the phenomenon that triggers the failure mechanisms. Internal damage was further characterized using ultrasonic C-scan techniques to quantify the extent of damage. A major contribution of this work is the development of a three-dimensional constitutive model based on continuum damage mechanics that incorporates multiple failure mechanisms, with special attention to transverse shear damage. Numerical simulations of the drop-weight tower tests were performed for all three laminate configurations, validating the ability of the constitutive model to predict force and energy responses, as well as the failure mechanisms observed during the tests. The constitutive model was found to be useful in understanding the interaction between interlaminar and intralaminar failure mechanisms under out-of-plane loading conditions, such as drop weight tower tests and other impact scenarios. The study highlights the importance of laminate clustering for perforation resistance and the need to incorporate transverse shear damage into numerical models to accurately capture the perforation process.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666682025000465CFRP wovenImpact behaviourPly clusteringConstitutive modellingNumerical simulationsDrop weight tower |
| spellingShingle | P.G. Rodríguez-Luján R. del Cuvillo J.M. Rodríguez-Sereno J.A. Artero-Guerrero D. Varas J. Pernas-Sánchez The role of ply clustering in the impact damage of woven carbon/epoxy laminates: An experimental-numerical study Composites Part C: Open Access CFRP woven Impact behaviour Ply clustering Constitutive modelling Numerical simulations Drop weight tower |
| title | The role of ply clustering in the impact damage of woven carbon/epoxy laminates: An experimental-numerical study |
| title_full | The role of ply clustering in the impact damage of woven carbon/epoxy laminates: An experimental-numerical study |
| title_fullStr | The role of ply clustering in the impact damage of woven carbon/epoxy laminates: An experimental-numerical study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of ply clustering in the impact damage of woven carbon/epoxy laminates: An experimental-numerical study |
| title_short | The role of ply clustering in the impact damage of woven carbon/epoxy laminates: An experimental-numerical study |
| title_sort | role of ply clustering in the impact damage of woven carbon epoxy laminates an experimental numerical study |
| topic | CFRP woven Impact behaviour Ply clustering Constitutive modelling Numerical simulations Drop weight tower |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666682025000465 |
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