Aquinas' Counterfactual Incarnations

This paper is an examination of Aquinas’ account of the various ways in which the Incarnation might have occurred. Aquinas maintains that the Son of God became incarnate by assuming a specific body/soul union. Although he maintains that it was fitting for God to have become incarnate in this manner...

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Main Author: Christopher Hughes Conn
Format: Article
Language:deu
Published: Catholic University of Louvain 2025-04-01
Series:TheoLogica
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Online Access:https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/theologica/article/view/67803
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author Christopher Hughes Conn
author_facet Christopher Hughes Conn
author_sort Christopher Hughes Conn
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description This paper is an examination of Aquinas’ account of the various ways in which the Incarnation might have occurred. Aquinas maintains that the Son of God became incarnate by assuming a specific body/soul union. Although he maintains that it was fitting for God to have become incarnate in this manner, he contends (i) that any one of the three divine persons could have become incarnate in this manner, (ii) that any plurality of these Persons could have assumed the same body/soul union, (iii) that any plurality of these Persons could have assumed distinct body/soul unions, and (iv) that any of the divine persons could have assumed a plurality of body/soul unions.  Given the increasingly bizarre nature of these scenarios, it is worth asking, first, whether Aquinas is rationally entitled to these modal judgments, and second, why he is advancing them so early in his Discourse on the Incarnation in the Summa theologiae.  In this paper I contend, first, that these counterfactual scenarios are possible if his actual account is possible; and second, that these scenarios they shed light (i) on the manner in which the Son of God did become incarnate, (ii) on the nature and scope of God’s freedom, love and power, and (iii) on Aquinas’ relationship with Rahner’s Rule, viz., the thesis that the economic Trinity is identical with the immanent Trinity.
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spelling doaj-art-7b0b5b3b6fff4fc19aa99bde8801562c2025-08-20T02:16:59ZdeuCatholic University of LouvainTheoLogica2593-02652025-04-019110.14428/thl.v9i1.67803Aquinas' Counterfactual IncarnationsChristopher Hughes Conn0The University of the South This paper is an examination of Aquinas’ account of the various ways in which the Incarnation might have occurred. Aquinas maintains that the Son of God became incarnate by assuming a specific body/soul union. Although he maintains that it was fitting for God to have become incarnate in this manner, he contends (i) that any one of the three divine persons could have become incarnate in this manner, (ii) that any plurality of these Persons could have assumed the same body/soul union, (iii) that any plurality of these Persons could have assumed distinct body/soul unions, and (iv) that any of the divine persons could have assumed a plurality of body/soul unions.  Given the increasingly bizarre nature of these scenarios, it is worth asking, first, whether Aquinas is rationally entitled to these modal judgments, and second, why he is advancing them so early in his Discourse on the Incarnation in the Summa theologiae.  In this paper I contend, first, that these counterfactual scenarios are possible if his actual account is possible; and second, that these scenarios they shed light (i) on the manner in which the Son of God did become incarnate, (ii) on the nature and scope of God’s freedom, love and power, and (iii) on Aquinas’ relationship with Rahner’s Rule, viz., the thesis that the economic Trinity is identical with the immanent Trinity. https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/theologica/article/view/67803AquinasTrinityIncarnationdivine attributes
spellingShingle Christopher Hughes Conn
Aquinas' Counterfactual Incarnations
TheoLogica
Aquinas
Trinity
Incarnation
divine attributes
title Aquinas' Counterfactual Incarnations
title_full Aquinas' Counterfactual Incarnations
title_fullStr Aquinas' Counterfactual Incarnations
title_full_unstemmed Aquinas' Counterfactual Incarnations
title_short Aquinas' Counterfactual Incarnations
title_sort aquinas counterfactual incarnations
topic Aquinas
Trinity
Incarnation
divine attributes
url https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/theologica/article/view/67803
work_keys_str_mv AT christopherhughesconn aquinascounterfactualincarnations