Associations between protein intake status and the association of “double burden of malnutrition” in children aged 2–5 years: a health and nutrition survey of selected children in Bengbu City, China
BackgroundProtein intake is widely recognized as a reliable marker for assessing malnutrition. The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is characterized by the coexistence of malnutrition and overweight, obesity, or diet-related noncommunicable diseases in individuals, families, and populations throu...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1564733/full |
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| author | Tongying Zhu Li Zhang Rongrong Li Xiaoqing Li Hao Zhu Li Shu |
| author_facet | Tongying Zhu Li Zhang Rongrong Li Xiaoqing Li Hao Zhu Li Shu |
| author_sort | Tongying Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundProtein intake is widely recognized as a reliable marker for assessing malnutrition. The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is characterized by the coexistence of malnutrition and overweight, obesity, or diet-related noncommunicable diseases in individuals, families, and populations throughout the life course.MethodsChildren were categorized into quartiles based on the protein index. World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software was used to assess child growth and development, enabling the prediction of DBM prevalence. Nutrient intake, the effect on DBM were assessed using both a multifactorial logistic regression model and a binary logistic regression correction model.ResultsThe prevalence of DBM increased with higher protein index quartiles. In the regression model, the risk of DBM was significantly higher in the second (Q2) and fourth (Q4) quartiles for both boys (Q2: 1.934, 95% CI: 1.210–3.091; Q4: 1.653, 95% CI: 1.016–2.687) as well as in the girls (Q2: 1.963, 95% CI: 1.263–3.052; Q4: 1.366, 95% CI: 0.857–2.178). In the multivariate models, the association between the protein index and DBM risk persisted as significant even after adjusting for confounding factors.ConclusionThis study revealed a strong correlation between the protein index and DBM prevalence in preschool children aged 2–5 years. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7afde4fd2da7403e8fdf8e44ffc0d9af |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-7afde4fd2da7403e8fdf8e44ffc0d9af2025-08-20T03:29:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-07-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15647331564733Associations between protein intake status and the association of “double burden of malnutrition” in children aged 2–5 years: a health and nutrition survey of selected children in Bengbu City, ChinaTongying ZhuLi ZhangRongrong LiXiaoqing LiHao ZhuLi ShuBackgroundProtein intake is widely recognized as a reliable marker for assessing malnutrition. The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is characterized by the coexistence of malnutrition and overweight, obesity, or diet-related noncommunicable diseases in individuals, families, and populations throughout the life course.MethodsChildren were categorized into quartiles based on the protein index. World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software was used to assess child growth and development, enabling the prediction of DBM prevalence. Nutrient intake, the effect on DBM were assessed using both a multifactorial logistic regression model and a binary logistic regression correction model.ResultsThe prevalence of DBM increased with higher protein index quartiles. In the regression model, the risk of DBM was significantly higher in the second (Q2) and fourth (Q4) quartiles for both boys (Q2: 1.934, 95% CI: 1.210–3.091; Q4: 1.653, 95% CI: 1.016–2.687) as well as in the girls (Q2: 1.963, 95% CI: 1.263–3.052; Q4: 1.366, 95% CI: 0.857–2.178). In the multivariate models, the association between the protein index and DBM risk persisted as significant even after adjusting for confounding factors.ConclusionThis study revealed a strong correlation between the protein index and DBM prevalence in preschool children aged 2–5 years.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1564733/fulldouble burden of malnutritionobesity/overweightwastingstuntingpreschool children |
| spellingShingle | Tongying Zhu Li Zhang Rongrong Li Xiaoqing Li Hao Zhu Li Shu Associations between protein intake status and the association of “double burden of malnutrition” in children aged 2–5 years: a health and nutrition survey of selected children in Bengbu City, China Frontiers in Nutrition double burden of malnutrition obesity/overweight wasting stunting preschool children |
| title | Associations between protein intake status and the association of “double burden of malnutrition” in children aged 2–5 years: a health and nutrition survey of selected children in Bengbu City, China |
| title_full | Associations between protein intake status and the association of “double burden of malnutrition” in children aged 2–5 years: a health and nutrition survey of selected children in Bengbu City, China |
| title_fullStr | Associations between protein intake status and the association of “double burden of malnutrition” in children aged 2–5 years: a health and nutrition survey of selected children in Bengbu City, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations between protein intake status and the association of “double burden of malnutrition” in children aged 2–5 years: a health and nutrition survey of selected children in Bengbu City, China |
| title_short | Associations between protein intake status and the association of “double burden of malnutrition” in children aged 2–5 years: a health and nutrition survey of selected children in Bengbu City, China |
| title_sort | associations between protein intake status and the association of double burden of malnutrition in children aged 2 5 years a health and nutrition survey of selected children in bengbu city china |
| topic | double burden of malnutrition obesity/overweight wasting stunting preschool children |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1564733/full |
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