Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals in Groundwater and Streams at Essene, Ikot Abasi Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
The objective of this paper is to evaluate some physicochemical properties and Heavy Metals in groundwater and streams at Essene, Ikot Abasi Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques. The physicochemical analysis showed that the average chemical oxygen d...
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Joint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP)
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management |
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| Online Access: | https://www.Ajol.Info/index.php/jasem/article/view/284552 |
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| author | O. Ndodo G. I. Ekpo O. E. Eteng E. U. Ettetor |
| author_facet | O. Ndodo G. I. Ekpo O. E. Eteng E. U. Ettetor |
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The objective of this paper is to evaluate some physicochemical properties and Heavy Metals in groundwater and streams at Essene, Ikot Abasi Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques. The physicochemical analysis showed that the average chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen levels in groundwater were 1.48±0.39 mg/l, 1.364±0.21 mg/l, and 4.26±0.22 mg/l, respectively. For streams, these values were 1.12±0.44 mg/l, 1.46±0.36 mg/l, and 6.04±0.43 mg/l, respectively. Although these parameters were within WHO recommended limits, though they did not meet the WHO standards for drinking water. The heavy metal analysis revealed higher concentrations in stream water (Fe: 0.721 mg/l; Cu: 0.42 mg/l; Pb: 0.0146 mg/l; Cd: 0.22 mg/l) compared to groundwater (Fe: 0.451 mg/l; Cu: 0.12 mg/l; Pb: 0.004 mg/l; Cd: 0.155 mg/l). Iron (Fe) levels exceeded WHO limits in both groundwater and stream water. However, a paired sample t-test indicated no significant difference (P<0.05) between the heavy metal concentrations in groundwater and streams. The study highlighted the elevated levels of certain heavy metals (Fe and Cd), emphasizing the need for regular monitoring to mitigate the impact of human activities on water quality in the Essene community.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7af4999d89ca4b5cb1169a314db0210e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2659-1502 2659-1499 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Joint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP) |
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| series | Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management |
| spelling | doaj-art-7af4999d89ca4b5cb1169a314db0210e2025-08-20T02:32:37ZengJoint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP)Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management2659-15022659-14992024-12-012812Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals in Groundwater and Streams at Essene, Ikot Abasi Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, NigeriaO. NdodoG. I. EkpoO. E. EtengE. U. Ettetor The objective of this paper is to evaluate some physicochemical properties and Heavy Metals in groundwater and streams at Essene, Ikot Abasi Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques. The physicochemical analysis showed that the average chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen levels in groundwater were 1.48±0.39 mg/l, 1.364±0.21 mg/l, and 4.26±0.22 mg/l, respectively. For streams, these values were 1.12±0.44 mg/l, 1.46±0.36 mg/l, and 6.04±0.43 mg/l, respectively. Although these parameters were within WHO recommended limits, though they did not meet the WHO standards for drinking water. The heavy metal analysis revealed higher concentrations in stream water (Fe: 0.721 mg/l; Cu: 0.42 mg/l; Pb: 0.0146 mg/l; Cd: 0.22 mg/l) compared to groundwater (Fe: 0.451 mg/l; Cu: 0.12 mg/l; Pb: 0.004 mg/l; Cd: 0.155 mg/l). Iron (Fe) levels exceeded WHO limits in both groundwater and stream water. However, a paired sample t-test indicated no significant difference (P<0.05) between the heavy metal concentrations in groundwater and streams. The study highlighted the elevated levels of certain heavy metals (Fe and Cd), emphasizing the need for regular monitoring to mitigate the impact of human activities on water quality in the Essene community. https://www.Ajol.Info/index.php/jasem/article/view/284552Heavy Metals; Streams; Ground water; drinking water; human activities |
| spellingShingle | O. Ndodo G. I. Ekpo O. E. Eteng E. U. Ettetor Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals in Groundwater and Streams at Essene, Ikot Abasi Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Heavy Metals; Streams; Ground water; drinking water; human activities |
| title | Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals in Groundwater and Streams at Essene, Ikot Abasi Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria |
| title_full | Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals in Groundwater and Streams at Essene, Ikot Abasi Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals in Groundwater and Streams at Essene, Ikot Abasi Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals in Groundwater and Streams at Essene, Ikot Abasi Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria |
| title_short | Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals in Groundwater and Streams at Essene, Ikot Abasi Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria |
| title_sort | physicochemical properties and heavy metals in groundwater and streams at essene ikot abasi local government area akwa ibom state nigeria |
| topic | Heavy Metals; Streams; Ground water; drinking water; human activities |
| url | https://www.Ajol.Info/index.php/jasem/article/view/284552 |
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