A sustainable approach for the Erlenmeyer synthesis of azlactones in deep eutectic solvents
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising alternatives to hazardous catalysts and solvents in various chemical transformations. This study presents a facile, green, and simple approach for the synthesis of azlactones using a novel DES system. The reaction between hippuric acid and subs...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086525000207 |
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| author | Fatemeh Mohammad Najmedin Azizi Zohreh Mirjafari Javad Mokhtari |
| author_facet | Fatemeh Mohammad Najmedin Azizi Zohreh Mirjafari Javad Mokhtari |
| author_sort | Fatemeh Mohammad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising alternatives to hazardous catalysts and solvents in various chemical transformations. This study presents a facile, green, and simple approach for the synthesis of azlactones using a novel DES system. The reaction between hippuric acid and substituted heterocyclic/aromatic aldehydes in the DES medium efficiently yields 4-arylidene-2-phenyl-5(4H)-oxazolones with excellent purity and high yields in short reaction times. The novel DES consists of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as the hydrogen bond acceptor and urea as the hydrogen bond donor. This solvent system is cheap, commercially available, and easy to prepare through a simple, straightforward method. This strategy offers several key advantages, including mild reaction conditions, avoiding harsh reagents and extreme temperatures, and a simple, efficient work-up, minimizing purification steps. It ensures a high-yield economy, consistently achieving 73–97 % yields, while being environmentally friendly, offering a sustainable and non-toxic alternative. The approach demonstrates broad applicability, including pharmaceutically relevant molecules, and enhances DES reusability, improving cost-effectiveness and sustainability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7aec84e2439d4765ab959c8f2d428bd9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-0865 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-7aec84e2439d4765ab959c8f2d428bd92025-08-20T03:30:45ZengElsevierCurrent Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry2666-08652025-01-011010046410.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100464A sustainable approach for the Erlenmeyer synthesis of azlactones in deep eutectic solventsFatemeh Mohammad0Najmedin Azizi1Zohreh Mirjafari2Javad Mokhtari3Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranChemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising alternatives to hazardous catalysts and solvents in various chemical transformations. This study presents a facile, green, and simple approach for the synthesis of azlactones using a novel DES system. The reaction between hippuric acid and substituted heterocyclic/aromatic aldehydes in the DES medium efficiently yields 4-arylidene-2-phenyl-5(4H)-oxazolones with excellent purity and high yields in short reaction times. The novel DES consists of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as the hydrogen bond acceptor and urea as the hydrogen bond donor. This solvent system is cheap, commercially available, and easy to prepare through a simple, straightforward method. This strategy offers several key advantages, including mild reaction conditions, avoiding harsh reagents and extreme temperatures, and a simple, efficient work-up, minimizing purification steps. It ensures a high-yield economy, consistently achieving 73–97 % yields, while being environmentally friendly, offering a sustainable and non-toxic alternative. The approach demonstrates broad applicability, including pharmaceutically relevant molecules, and enhances DES reusability, improving cost-effectiveness and sustainability.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086525000207AzlactonesAtom economyYield economyDeep eutectic solventLithium perchlorate |
| spellingShingle | Fatemeh Mohammad Najmedin Azizi Zohreh Mirjafari Javad Mokhtari A sustainable approach for the Erlenmeyer synthesis of azlactones in deep eutectic solvents Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry Azlactones Atom economy Yield economy Deep eutectic solvent Lithium perchlorate |
| title | A sustainable approach for the Erlenmeyer synthesis of azlactones in deep eutectic solvents |
| title_full | A sustainable approach for the Erlenmeyer synthesis of azlactones in deep eutectic solvents |
| title_fullStr | A sustainable approach for the Erlenmeyer synthesis of azlactones in deep eutectic solvents |
| title_full_unstemmed | A sustainable approach for the Erlenmeyer synthesis of azlactones in deep eutectic solvents |
| title_short | A sustainable approach for the Erlenmeyer synthesis of azlactones in deep eutectic solvents |
| title_sort | sustainable approach for the erlenmeyer synthesis of azlactones in deep eutectic solvents |
| topic | Azlactones Atom economy Yield economy Deep eutectic solvent Lithium perchlorate |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086525000207 |
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