Nitrogen use efficiency of silage corn with contrasting nitrogen fertility sources in a semi-arid system

Silage corn production in semi-arid environments poses challenges for sustainable intensification and soil health due to the removal of aboveground biomass during harvest. A nine-year field study in northern Utah, USA, evaluated the effects of different nitrogen (N) fertility sources on silage yield...

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Main Authors: Phearen Miller, Avneet Kakkar, Jeanette M. Norton
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2025.1602166/full
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author Phearen Miller
Avneet Kakkar
Jeanette M. Norton
author_facet Phearen Miller
Avneet Kakkar
Jeanette M. Norton
author_sort Phearen Miller
collection DOAJ
description Silage corn production in semi-arid environments poses challenges for sustainable intensification and soil health due to the removal of aboveground biomass during harvest. A nine-year field study in northern Utah, USA, evaluated the effects of different nitrogen (N) fertility sources on silage yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and soil total nitrogen (STN). Treatments included no fertilizer (Control), ammonium sulfate at two rates (112 and 224 kg N ha-1 year-1; AS100 and AS200), and steer manure compost (224 kg total N ha-1 year-1). Compost increased STN by 23% compared to synthetic fertilizer treatments but produced 31% lower yields than AS-based treatments. While AS100 and AS200 yielded similarly, AS100 exhibited superior NUE. Despite lower yields and NUE under compost treatment, compost contributed to higher STN. These findings suggest that farmers should integrate compost applications with reduced nitrogen fertilizer rates and adopt additional soil health practices, such as crop rotation and cover cropping, to enhance sustainable soil fertility management in silage corn.
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spelling doaj-art-7aec5de50b224cdc8374a0ddb05d0a222025-08-20T03:32:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Agronomy2673-32182025-06-01710.3389/fagro.2025.16021661602166Nitrogen use efficiency of silage corn with contrasting nitrogen fertility sources in a semi-arid systemPhearen MillerAvneet KakkarJeanette M. NortonSilage corn production in semi-arid environments poses challenges for sustainable intensification and soil health due to the removal of aboveground biomass during harvest. A nine-year field study in northern Utah, USA, evaluated the effects of different nitrogen (N) fertility sources on silage yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and soil total nitrogen (STN). Treatments included no fertilizer (Control), ammonium sulfate at two rates (112 and 224 kg N ha-1 year-1; AS100 and AS200), and steer manure compost (224 kg total N ha-1 year-1). Compost increased STN by 23% compared to synthetic fertilizer treatments but produced 31% lower yields than AS-based treatments. While AS100 and AS200 yielded similarly, AS100 exhibited superior NUE. Despite lower yields and NUE under compost treatment, compost contributed to higher STN. These findings suggest that farmers should integrate compost applications with reduced nitrogen fertilizer rates and adopt additional soil health practices, such as crop rotation and cover cropping, to enhance sustainable soil fertility management in silage corn.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2025.1602166/fullnitrogen use efficiencysilage corncomposttotal nitrogensemi-arid environments
spellingShingle Phearen Miller
Avneet Kakkar
Jeanette M. Norton
Nitrogen use efficiency of silage corn with contrasting nitrogen fertility sources in a semi-arid system
Frontiers in Agronomy
nitrogen use efficiency
silage corn
compost
total nitrogen
semi-arid environments
title Nitrogen use efficiency of silage corn with contrasting nitrogen fertility sources in a semi-arid system
title_full Nitrogen use efficiency of silage corn with contrasting nitrogen fertility sources in a semi-arid system
title_fullStr Nitrogen use efficiency of silage corn with contrasting nitrogen fertility sources in a semi-arid system
title_full_unstemmed Nitrogen use efficiency of silage corn with contrasting nitrogen fertility sources in a semi-arid system
title_short Nitrogen use efficiency of silage corn with contrasting nitrogen fertility sources in a semi-arid system
title_sort nitrogen use efficiency of silage corn with contrasting nitrogen fertility sources in a semi arid system
topic nitrogen use efficiency
silage corn
compost
total nitrogen
semi-arid environments
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2025.1602166/full
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AT avneetkakkar nitrogenuseefficiencyofsilagecornwithcontrastingnitrogenfertilitysourcesinasemiaridsystem
AT jeanettemnorton nitrogenuseefficiencyofsilagecornwithcontrastingnitrogenfertilitysourcesinasemiaridsystem