RNA Epigenetics in Cancer: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications

ABSTRACT RNA epigenetics, also referred to as epitranscriptomics, has emerged as a critical regulatory layer in cancer biology, extending beyond the scope of traditional DNA and histone modifications. It encompasses a series of dynamic posttranscriptional processes—including RNA biosynthesis, splici...

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Main Authors: Shanhe Huang, Zonglin Li, Weilong Lin, Ruihui Xie, Hai Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:MedComm
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70322
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author Shanhe Huang
Zonglin Li
Weilong Lin
Ruihui Xie
Hai Huang
author_facet Shanhe Huang
Zonglin Li
Weilong Lin
Ruihui Xie
Hai Huang
author_sort Shanhe Huang
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT RNA epigenetics, also referred to as epitranscriptomics, has emerged as a critical regulatory layer in cancer biology, extending beyond the scope of traditional DNA and histone modifications. It encompasses a series of dynamic posttranscriptional processes—including RNA biosynthesis, splicing, transport, stability, degradation, translation, and chemical modifications—orchestrated by RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Collectively, these mechanisms influence mRNA fate, shape transcriptional output, and reprogram the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, both coding RNA and ncRNA are themselves subjected to epigenetic regulation, forming intricate feedback loops that contribute to oncogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we systematically synthesize the current understanding of RNA metabolism and RNA epigenetic modifications during tumor progression, with a particular focus on the roles of RBPs and RNA modifications. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in RNA‐based therapeutic strategies, including mRNA vaccines, antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, and circRNA scaffolds. These innovative approaches offer promising avenues for targeting transcriptionally active yet genomically “undruggable” cancer drivers. Together, our synthesis provides a comprehensive framework for understanding RNA epigenetics in tumor biology and lays the groundwork for precision oncology guided by transcriptome plasticity.
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spelling doaj-art-7ae02a5d1d0848debddab30cddfa4c0d2025-08-20T03:43:34ZengWileyMedComm2688-26632025-08-0168n/an/a10.1002/mco2.70322RNA Epigenetics in Cancer: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic ImplicationsShanhe Huang0Zonglin Li1Weilong Lin2Ruihui Xie3Hai Huang4Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou ChinaDepartment of Urology Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou ChinaDepartment of Urology Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou ChinaDepartment of Urology Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou ChinaDepartment of Urology Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou ChinaABSTRACT RNA epigenetics, also referred to as epitranscriptomics, has emerged as a critical regulatory layer in cancer biology, extending beyond the scope of traditional DNA and histone modifications. It encompasses a series of dynamic posttranscriptional processes—including RNA biosynthesis, splicing, transport, stability, degradation, translation, and chemical modifications—orchestrated by RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Collectively, these mechanisms influence mRNA fate, shape transcriptional output, and reprogram the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, both coding RNA and ncRNA are themselves subjected to epigenetic regulation, forming intricate feedback loops that contribute to oncogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we systematically synthesize the current understanding of RNA metabolism and RNA epigenetic modifications during tumor progression, with a particular focus on the roles of RBPs and RNA modifications. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in RNA‐based therapeutic strategies, including mRNA vaccines, antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, and circRNA scaffolds. These innovative approaches offer promising avenues for targeting transcriptionally active yet genomically “undruggable” cancer drivers. Together, our synthesis provides a comprehensive framework for understanding RNA epigenetics in tumor biology and lays the groundwork for precision oncology guided by transcriptome plasticity.https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70322RNA epigeneticsRNA metabolismpan‐cancertargeted therapy
spellingShingle Shanhe Huang
Zonglin Li
Weilong Lin
Ruihui Xie
Hai Huang
RNA Epigenetics in Cancer: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications
MedComm
RNA epigenetics
RNA metabolism
pan‐cancer
targeted therapy
title RNA Epigenetics in Cancer: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications
title_full RNA Epigenetics in Cancer: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications
title_fullStr RNA Epigenetics in Cancer: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications
title_full_unstemmed RNA Epigenetics in Cancer: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications
title_short RNA Epigenetics in Cancer: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications
title_sort rna epigenetics in cancer current knowledge and therapeutic implications
topic RNA epigenetics
RNA metabolism
pan‐cancer
targeted therapy
url https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70322
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AT weilonglin rnaepigeneticsincancercurrentknowledgeandtherapeuticimplications
AT ruihuixie rnaepigeneticsincancercurrentknowledgeandtherapeuticimplications
AT haihuang rnaepigeneticsincancercurrentknowledgeandtherapeuticimplications